Rheumatology Nurse

Rheumatology Nurse Job Description & Scope of Practice
A rheumatology nurse is a specialty nurse position that treats patients suffering from rheumatic diseases.  Some of the most common rheumatic diseases include rheumatoid arthritis, fibromyalgia, lupus, Lyme disease, myositis, and spondylitis.  It is important for these patients to receive specialized care by a nurse with an educational and working background in rheumatology.  Nurses with a specialty in rheumatology may work in hospitals, clinics, and long-term care facilities.

The nurse assists the doctor in working with patient assessment, examinations, education, and treatment.  These nurses must also be adept at dealing with patients and their families to provide education regarding their illness and its treatment.

How to Become a Rheumatology Nurse

All specialty nurses must first begin on a training path towards becoming a registered nurses.  First, it is essential to complete an accredited nursing program.  You may choose from an associate degree program or a bachelor’s degree program.  Both will provide you with the initial background necessary to become a nurse.  Once you have completed a program you must take the NCLEX-RN exam to become licensed in your state.

Those who specialize in rheumatology nursing may choose to join the Rheumatology Nurse’s Society.  This is a professional organization that is committed to educating and developing nurses in order to provide assistance to patients and their families.  These nurses may work side by side with doctors to provide high-quality care and education to rheumatic patients. Nurse practitioners may also specialize in treating patients suffering from rheumatic diseases.  Nurse practitioners typically attain an MSN degree and may work as assistants to doctors who specialize in treating rheumatology patients.

Rheumatology Nurse Education Requirements, Certification, and Schooling Programs

The first step towards becoming a nurse is to attain a Bachelor of Science degree in nursing (BSN).  When taking undergraduate nursing courses you should concentrate your electives on rheumatology and related subjects.  Once you achieve a BSN degree, you will need to gain some experience by working in the nursing field.  Choose an entry-level nursing position that will give you the most exposure to rheumatology patients by working at either a specialized clinic or a private rheumatology practice. Many nurses go on to take additional courses to attain a Master’s degree in Nursing (MSN).  The MSN degree will afford you additional opportunities and a higher salary throughout your career.

Currently, rheumatology nurses do not have their own certification. However, rheumatology nurses can obtain a Registered Nurse-Board Certified (RN-BC) through the American Nurses Credentialing Center (ANCC).

Rheumatology Nurse Salary and Career Outlook

The outlook for all types of nursing positions is a good one.  According to a recent study, nursing jobs are expected to rise by as much as 22% over the next ten years.  The need for trained and skilled nurses is going to continue to go up.  The demand for specialty nurses, such as those specializing in rheumatology, will go up at a higher rate than for other nurses.  The salary will range from $46,000 to $54,000 annually. Additionally, specialty nurses may receive competitive benefits packages.  Nurses with the most experience and education should expect to receive a salary towards the high end of the pay range.

Reproductive Nurse

Reproductive Nurse Job Description & Scope of Practice
Reproductive nurses specialize in providing care to women and couples in the area of fertility, conception, and other reproductive matters.  These nurses work with doctors to treat patients on all aspects of fertility and reproduction.  Nurses who specialize in reproduction may work in a variety of settings including fertility clinics, hospitals, obstetrics and gynecological practices, counseling programs, and egg donor centers.

They must not only have a strong educational background in the area of reproduction but must also have the ability to work with patients regarding these sensitive life issues.  Nurses will work with doctors, nurses and surgeons to assist in patient interviews and exams, provide care before and after medical or surgical procedures, and work with patients to educate them on the aspects of treatment.

How to Become a Reproductive Nurse

All nurses with this area of specialty are registered nurses.  The path begins by becoming an RN.  This is best accomplished through an accredited nursing program to attain a Bachelor of Science in nursing degree (BSN).  After gaining some work experience as a nurse, you may opt to become a certified nurse with a specialty in reproduction.  This specialty designation is achieved through the National Certification Corporation.  You can choose between various areas of specialty in the reproductive health area such as obstetrics or gynecology.  This certification program provides accreditation through the National Organization for Competency Assurance (NOCA).  Nurses must pass an exam to attain certification.

Reproductive Nurse Education Requirements, Certification, and Schooling Programs

The aspiring nurse must begin with a strong nursing educational program.  The best program to consider is the 4-year Bachelor of Science in nursing degree. When taking undergraduate courses you should be sure to take your electives in the area of fertility and reproduction.  You can choose a specialty area within the reproduction nursing position if you prefer.  Once you get your BSN degree you will be able to pass the NCLEX-RN exam.  This exam allows you to work as a registered nurse.  Some nurses choose to extend their education by going to graduate school to get a Master’s degree in nursing.  This degree will help you achieve a better job and a higher salary throughout your career.  Choose a master’s degree nursing program with a specialty in reproductive health, fertility, or neonatal care. Nurses who practice in this area of medicine must keep up on the latest medical advances by taking continuing education courses and seminars throughout their careers.

Although a reproductive-nurse certification is not available, nurses working in the field may obtain certifications in other related areas such as gynecology and obstetrics through the American Nurses Credentialing Center (ANCC).

Reproductive Nurse Salary and Career Outlook

The area of reproductive health is continuing to grow at a very fast pace.  As reproductive technology advances so does the need for qualified health professionals with a specialty in reproductive care.  Nurses are expected to be in high demand in the coming years.  Because this is a specialized area of nursing, those nurses with a high level of education in reproductive health and experience working in the field can expect to achieve the highest salaries.  Those nurses specializing in reproductive health can expect an annual salary of between $52,000 and $65,000.  The salary will depend on the nurse’s education, experience, and location.   

Rehabilitation Nurse

Rehabilitation Nurse Job Description & Scope of Practice
The rehabilitation nurse assists patients who are undergoing physical rehabilitation after serious injuries, illnesses, and surgeries.  Rehab nurses help patients and their families learn how to deal with their physical limitations.  These nursing positions are very demanding both physically and mentally since you’ll be working with many patients who have long-term or chronic illnesses.

Physical rehabilitation begins very quickly after surgery or injury to help patients heal as fast as possible.  Nurses in this field work closely with the doctor or surgeon to assess a patient’s needs and develop a recovery plan.  The rehab nurse is a very rewarding job as it helps patients reach their physical goals.

How to Become a Rehabilitation Nurse

Nurses who want to specialize in the area of rehabilitation patient care must first become registered nurses.  This is best accomplished by achieving an Associate’s Degree in Nursing (ADN) or a Bachelor of Science degree in nursing (BSN).  The position requires a strong balance between education and experience.  Some hospitals and rehabilitation centers offer on-the-job training that can be combined with your education to improve your opportunities.  It is helpful to enroll in a nursing program that specializes in rehabilitation nursing.  Take a nursing position at a rehabilitation facility or hospital to get some experience working in the rehabilitation department.  Nurses may join the Association of Rehabilitation Nurses (ARN).  This group provides information, support, and education to members who are certified in the area of rehabilitation.  ARN has chapters across the country as well as an online presence.

Rehabilitation Nurse Education Requirements, Certification, and Schooling Programs

Rehab nurses may graduate from specialty or two-year programs with a focus on rehabilitation or may graduate from a 4-year program to attain a Bachelor of Science in nursing (BSN).  Students should take courses with an emphasis on rehabilitation and physical therapy.  There are many facets to being a specialty nurse.  During your undergraduate studies it is helpful to take courses in rehabilitation science to learn as much as possible about the different areas of patient rehabilitation that you may choose to concentrate on.  Once you have graduated from a nursing program you will need to become a licensed nurse by passing the NCLEX-RN exam.  After gaining some experience working as a nurse, you may choose to take the exam to become a Certified Rehabilitation Registered Nurse (CRRN).

Rehabilitation nurses are certified through the Association of Rehabilitation Nurses (ARN) via the Rehabilitation Nursing Certification Board (RNCB). After meeting certain requirements and passing a certification test, only then can you receive and use the CRRN credential. Qualifications include two years experience working as a nurse in rehabilitation or one year experience coupled with a year of advanced study in rehabilitation nursing. The exam covers topics such as models and theories, functional health patterns, assessments, assessing activity tolerance and anatomy among others. Nurses do not have to be certified to work as a rehabilitation nurse, but certification validates knowledge and skills.

Rehabilitation Nurse Salary and Career Outlook

The outlook for all types of nurses is expected to increase in the coming years.  As with other types of nursing positions, the medical profession will be expanding and the need for nurses of all types will be expanding with it.  The need for CRRNs will likely increase at a faster rate than the need for general nursing positions will.  The expected yearly salary for a qualified nurse ranges from $60,000 to $72,000.  Those nurses with special certifications and extended education and experience will likely achieve an even higher salary.  The salary expectations depend on the size of the hospital or facility where the nurse is working.

Radiology Nurse

Radiology Nurse Job Description & Scope of Practice
The radiology nurse cares for patients who are undergoing radiology treatment.  Radiology is a medical treatment involving imaging and includes ultrasound, magnetic resonance and radiation oncology.  Nurses who specialize in radiology must maintain their technical expertise on the latest tools and treatments for patients in this field.

Nurses must also be able to explain how the technology works to patients before they undergo a procedure.  These nurses assist radiologists by preparing patients for treatments such as X-ray Computed Tomography (CAT) scans and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) tests.  They also assist doctors by tending to a patient’s needs before, during, and after such procedures  They also assist doctors in reviewing and analyzing test results and in educating patients on the results.

How to Become a Radiology Nurse

A radiologic nurse is a specialized nursing position that requires you to first become a registered nurse (RN).  This type of nursing career will require you to have an expertise in radiology technology and you must stay abreast of the latest equipment used.  Nurses specializing in radiology must graduate from an accredited program and receive a nursing degree, Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN).  Once you graduate with a BSN degree you must pass the NCLEX-RN exam to become a licensed nurse.  Many nurses who want to specialize in radiology take special courses in their undergraduate work that provide them with education in the field.

Nurses working in the field should continue their education process by taking ongoing classes to learn the latest technology and how it works.  nurses may also choose to join the Association for Radiologic & Imaging Nursing (ARIN).  This association provides assistance and promotes the knowledge of radiologic nurses across the country.  The group has various regional chapters that operate in the U.S.

Radiology Nurse Education Requirements, Certification, and Schooling Programs

In order to specialize in the field of radiology you must first become a registered nurse.  The best program to complete is the Bachelor of Science degree in Nursing.  Upon completion of the program the graduate will be able to pass the NCLEX-RN exam to become licensed.  During your undergraduate work you should be sure to concentrate on taking classes that deal with radiology and imaging.  After achieving the BSN, nurses may take a special exam to qualify them as a Certified Radiology Nurse (CRN).  Many graduates go on to get their Master’s degree in nursing (MSN).  The aspiring radiologic nurse should look for a nursing position at a hospital or facility where they can work closely with the radiologist and doctor to gain experience in this area.

The Association for Radiologic and Imaging Nursing (ARIN) bestows the Certified Radiology Nurse (CRN) credential on qualified nurses through the Radiologic Nursing Certification Board (RNCB). In order to sit for the exam, applicants must have at least two years or 2,000 hours experience working as a radiology nurse within the three years prior to the exam. Applicants must also have completed 30 hours of continuing education with 15 of those hours spent in radiologic classes. The exam covers multiple topics and consists of 200 multiple-choice questions. Four hours are allotted to take the exam. Certification is not required, but it is highly sought by employers.

Radiology Nurse Salary and Career Outlook

The nurse with a focus on radiology patient care is a specialty position that is in high demand.  As with other nursing positions, the need for specialty nurses is expected to continue to grow over the coming decades.  As more people reach the senior years, the need for nurses and medical professionals of all types will grow greatly.  The rate of growth for nurses who specialize in radiology will likely grow at a higher rate than other types of non-specialty nursing positions.  This nursing position can expect a salary of between $48,000 and $75,000 per year.  Those with the most experience as well as those with a CRN or MSN degree will be at the higher end of the scale.

Pulmonary Care Nurse

Pulmonary Care Nurse Job Description & Scope of Practice
A pulmonary care nurse is also known as a respiratory nurse.  The respiratory nurse is a specialty nurse who cares for patients who suffer from lung or respiratory diseases.  Pulmonary care is a particularly demanding area of health because of the importance of the lungs and respiratory system in the health of a patient.  Nurses who specialize in pulmonary care take care of patients who suffer from respiratory problems including asthma, tuberculosis, and cystic fibrosis.

Patients may suffer from a number of other illnesses that affect the respiratory system.

Respiratory nurses work and have roles with patients in a number of settings including hospitals, clinics, rehabilitation facilities, long-term care facilities, and in homes.  The nurse works with the doctor to assist patients with their examination, education about the illness, medication, and rehabilitation.  Nurses assist patients and their families when dealing with life-threatening illnesses such as lung cancer or emphysema.

How to Become a Pulmonary Care Nurse

Specialty nurses must first become registered nurses (RN).  The first step in the path towards becoming a respiratory nurse is to attain a Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN) degree.  Once this is attained, the aspiring nurse should take a nursing position in the pulmonary care field, either in a public or private setting.  The nurse should gain some experience in the field of pulmonary care by working side-by-side with an experienced pulmonary care doctor and nurse.  Nurses must pass the NCLEX-RN exam to become licensed to practice nursing.   Hands-on experience is very important in attaining the necessary skills needed to work in the pulmonary care field.

Pulmonary Care Nurse Education Requirements, Certification, and Schooling Programs

A nurse who wants to specialize in respiratory care must begin with education towards a Bachelor of Science degree in nursing.  Nurses who are particularly interested in pursuing a career in respiratory care should take undergraduate courses that are specifically designed to provide training in the area of pulmonary diseases and care.  After attaining a BSN, nurses should seek job experience by working in a respiratory care facility or hospital.  Once you have attained some practical experience, you may choose to return to school to get a Master’s Degree in nursing (MSN).  You can choose your area of specialty to provide you with the specific training you need to offer patients high-quality pulmonary care.  Nurses with an MSN degree generally expect to receive an average of $15,000 to $20,000 more annually.

Currently, there is no certification for pulmonary-care nurses. However, nurses working in pulmonary care can become certified in other areas pertaining to their field like Certified Pulmonary Function Technician (CPFT).

Pulmonary Nurse Salary and Career Outlook

Nurses and other healthcare professionals are in high demand and will continue to be in demand for the next decade.  Pulmonary care is a highly specialized nursing area so you can expect an annual salary of between $55,000 and $75,000.  The salary will depend on your nursing credentials, education, and the location and setting where you work.  Those with advanced degrees (MSN) will achieve a salary on the upper end of the range. Specialty areas of nursing are likely going to be in much higher demand than general nurses. 

Psychiatric Nurse

Psychiatric Nurse Job Description & Scope of Practice
A psychiatric nurse is also called a psychiatric mental health nurse or PMHN for short.  The mental health nurse is a nurse who specializes in treating patients with psychiatric disorders.  This nursing specialty position commonly deals with all types of mental illness including such things as depression, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia.

The nurse may work in a clinic or hospital setting or in a private practice.  The area of psychiatric nursing is one of the most challenging of all the specialty nursing segments, yet may also be one of the most rewarding. Roles include:

• Attends to patients being treated for psychiatric disorders
• Assists patients in learning about mental health
• Works with patients and their families to better understand home care
• Administers medication
• Helps diagnose and assess mental illness

How to Become a Psychiatric Nurse

A psychiatric mental health nurse is a position that requires a great deal of compassion, patience, and experience.  The position combines the medical experience of an RN with the background of mental health.  This can be a difficult nursing position for those who are not properly prepared.  A PMHN should pursue a background education in psychiatry in order to be best prepared for this career.

The career path for a mental health nurse usually begins with an entry level nursing position at a hospital, clinic, or psychiatric care center.  As your experience grows, so will your opportunities. Another way to further your career in this field is to take additional courses in the area of psychiatry and mental health. Some nurses choose to go on to attain a Master’s or Doctorate degree.

Psychiatric Nurse Education Requirements

A PMHN must begin with a proper education.  The first step is to graduate from a university with a Bachelor’s Degree in Nursing, BSN.  After graduation, the aspiring nurse should take the NCLEX-RN exam to become certified and achieve the status of registered nurse (RN).  Additionally, the mental health nurse may want to advance their career by joining the American Psychiatric Nurses Association (APNA).  Nurses may also want to become an Advanced Practice Registered Nurse (APRN), an advanced nurse that requires additional education and certification.  These additional certifications will certainly increase the nurse’s future salary and improve career choices.

Psychiatric Nurse Salary and Career Outlook

There is a continuing increase in the need for nurses in the field of mental health.  As with other health care professionals, there is expected to be a substantial increase in the need for nurses over the next decade.  Because this is a demanding field, fewer nurses pursue this career, making the demand for PMHN even higher. As the population continues to live longer, there are more elderly patients that need attention.

The salary range for this nursing position may range greatly depending on location, employer, education, and experience.  An entry level nurse may expect to earn $40,000 per year, while an experienced nurse with an advanced degree may have a yearly salary of $62,000 or more. 

Plastic Surgery Nurse

Plastic Surgery Nurse Job Description & Scope of Practice
A plastic surgery nurse is a registered nurse who specializes in working with plastic surgery patients.  They provide treatment to patients throughout the plastic surgery process including pre-care, surgical assistance, and post-operative care.  Surgical nurses work with doctors and surgeons to provide high quality care to patients receiving surgery.

Some of the important job duties and roles of the surgical nurse include:

• Explain plastic surgery procedures to patients
• Prepare the surgical room and instruments
• Assist the surgeon during the procedure
• Help patients through recovery after surgery
• Educate patients on aftercare
• Work with patients during office visits

How to Become a Plastic Surgery Nurse

Plastic surgery nursing is a specialty nursing segment for highly skilled nurses.  Surgical nurses may need to attend patients before, during, and after surgical procedures. The position requires that you first become a licensed nurse.  You may take the NCLEX-RN exam after graduating from a nursing program at a university.  Passing the exam allows you to practice nursing, earning you the title of registered nurse (RN).  These credentials must be renewed throughout your career.

Those who are interested in becoming surgical nurses should have an interest in caring for patients throughout the surgery process.  You will need to have excellent communication skills and be able to assist patients and answer their questions.  You must also be able to ensure their health and safety while they are having a surgical procedure performed.

Plastic Surgery Nurse Education Requirements, Certification, and Schooling Programs

In order to become a surgical nurse you must earn a Bachelor of Science degree in nursing (BSN).  You should also take undergraduate courses that focus on surgical skills and anatomy.  Many nurses choose to continue their education by attaining a graduate or doctorate degree.  This will enhance job opportunities and salary options in the future.  A surgical nurse choosing to specialize in plastic surgery performs all the same functions as any other surgical nurse with the sole focus on patients who are receiving plastic surgery.

Nurses may choose to join the American Society of Plastic Surgical Nurses (ASPSN).  This organization is dedicated to the promotion, education, research, practice excellence and leadership of nurses with a specialization in plastic surgery.  ASPSN  offers the Certified Plastic Surgical Nurse (CPSN) credential to qualified individuals through the Plastic Surgical Nursing Certification Board (PSNCB). In order to sit for the exam, applicants must have a minimum of two years experience in plastic surgery within the five years prior to the test. The ASPSN offers preparatory courses to help applicants prepare for the exam. Plastic-surgery nurses are not required to become certified, but certification is preferred by employers.

Plastic Surgery Nurse Salary and Career Outlook

The area of plastic surgery is increasing by leaps and bounds.  Plastic surgery is becoming more accessible to everyone; therefore, the demand for these procedures is quite high.  The outlook for nurses is expected to keep rising over the next two decades.  Many surgical nurses earn more than $75,000 per year.  Some are paid hourly and others also earn commission.

The need for nurses with a specialization in plastic surgery is expected to continue to rise substantially over the next decade. Technological advances have improved plastic surgery and have made it accessible for people of all ages and income levels.  There will be an increased need for high quality patient care before, during, and after plastic surgery procedures.

Perinatal Nurse Practitioner

Perinatal Nurse Practitioner Job Description & Scope of Practice
The perinatal period is the time surrounding the pregnancy, birth, and first weeks of life.  A perinatal nurse practitioner cares for patients during their pregnancies.  This specialty nursing position works with women to help ensure a smooth pregnancy and delivery.

These nurses also offer support to the patient and family during delivery and after the baby is born. Perinatal nurses perform some of these important roles and job duties:

• Educates women about childbirth techniques
• Assists women with prenatal health issues
• Works with high-risk patients
• Treats patients throughout their pregnancies
• Assists in the delivery room
• Provides support to women and their families through labor and childbirth
• Helps new mothers learn to care for their infants
• Offers postpartum support

Nurse practitioners may practice alone or may be part of a clinic or hospital.  They assist patients and their families as they transition through pregnancy, supporting both the physical and emotional needs of the patient.

How to Become a Perinatal Nurse Practitioner

A perinatal NP is a nursing position that requires education, training, and experience in the nursing profession.  A perinatal nurse must have a nursing degree and must be a licensed nurse.  Once attaining a nursing degree, the aspiring nurse practitioner must pass the NCLEX-RN exam.  Entry-level perinatal nurse positions include working within a hospital or clinic setting as well as in private practice.  After a nurse gains several or more years of experience in the field it is advisable to further attain a Master’s degree in Nursing with a specialty in perinatal care.

Perinatal Nurse Practitioner Education Requirements, Certification, and Schooling Programs

Nurse practitioners must be credentialed nurses with at least a Bachelor of Science degree in nursing (BSN).  Many NPS also pursue an advanced degrees such as a Master’s degree in nursing.  The aspiring NP wishing to work in perinatal care should focus their educational classes on the area of pregnancy and prenatal care.

Choose a Master’s program that focuses on advanced perinatal nursing.  This coursework is specific to the perinatal NP or perinatal clinical nurse.

• Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN)
• Master of Science in Nursing (MSN)

One of the programs to consider for the MSN is the Perinatal Nurse Specialist.  This program focuses on caring for women and families in a variety of healthcare settings.  The coursework helps to develop the skills necessary to become a perinatal nurse.

The National Certification Corporation (NCC) awards the Neonatal Nurse Practitioner-Board Certified (NNP-BC) to applicants who meet eligibility requirements and pass a certification exam. To be eligible, candidates must have a master’s, post-master or doctoral degree earned from a nurse-practitioner program after the year 2005. The multiple-choice exam covers several topics including perinatal and neonatal assessment, general management, pharmacology, diseases and professional issues. Perinatal nurse practitioners are encouraged to seek certification by the National Association of Neonatal Nurse Practitioners (NANNP).

Perinatal Nurse Practitioner Salary and Career Outlook

The need for specialized nursing positions is expected to increase in the next decade.  The nurse practitioner provides unique care throughout the pregnancy process.  Nurses and NPs may work through a hospital or clinic or may be self-employed.  Skilled and experienced perinatal nursing specialists are in high demand.  The salary for this type of nurse will vary based on experience, education and location.  In general, a perinatal nurse may expect to receive a salary between $52,000 and $65,000 annually.  Nurses with more experience and education may receive a salary of up to $81,000 per year.

Nurse practitioners may practice alone or may be part of a clinic or hospital medical technician.  They assist patients and their families as they transition through pregnancy, supporting both the physical and emotional needs of the patient.

Perianesthesia Nurse

Perianesthesia Nurse Job Description & Scope of Practice
A perianesthesia nurse is also called a recovery room nurse.  The recovery room nurse position is designed to provide care for patients who are recovering from surgery.  These nurses are responsible for supporting patients as they awaken from anesthesia after having surgery.

These nurses help patients transition out of surgery. Most often, this type of nurse is part of a critical care or after care unit in a hospital or they may be part of any surgical or recovery team.  Some of the important duties, roles and responsibilities of the recovery room nurse include:

• Prepare patients for surgery
• Inform patients about the anesthesia and what to expect after surgery
• Ensure patients awaken properly from anesthesia
• Help patients transition from surgery
• Care for patients with adverse reactions to anesthesia
• Support patients throughout the process of awakening from surgery

How to Become a Perianesthesia Nurse

The first step towards becoming a recovery room nurse is to become a registered nurse.  You must complete a BSN (Bachelor of Science in Nursing Degree) and take the NCLEX-RN exam to become a registered nurse (RN).  During your education it is a good idea to take classes that relate to anesthesia and pharmaceuticals.  This will help you prepare for working with anesthesia.  Once you have earned a degree it is best to gain some experience working in a hospital or surgical setting.  If you have an aptitude for medicine and understand how medications work in the body, you can apply this knowledge to your career as a nurse working in the recovery room.

Perianesthesia Nurse Education Requirements, Certification, and Schooling Programs

Recovery room nurses must first be licensed as registered nurses (RN).  The aspiring nurse must complete undergraduate studies and earn a Bachelor of Science in nursing degree (BSN).  Many nurses choose to continue their education by earning a Master’s degree or Doctorate degree, which will help improve their salary potentials.  Upon completing their degree, many nurses gain experience in the field by working at a hospital or clinic.

Nurses may also choose to join the American Society of PeriAnesthesia Nurses (ASPAN).  This group is designed to provide ongoing support and education to qualified nurses.  Additionally, nurses may choose to become certified.
The American Board of Perianesthesia Nursing Certification (ABPANC) certifies anesthesia nurses in two categories including Certified Post Anesthesia Nurse (CPAN) and Certified Ambulatory Perianesthesia Nurse (CAPA). In addition to taking a three-hour exam consisting of 175 multiple-choice questions based on topics such as physiological needs, behavioral/cognitive needs, safety needs and advocacy needs applicants must prove eligibility. Eligibility requirements include 1,800 hours of perianesthesia experience. Certification is not required, but it is recommended by the American Society of PeriAnesthesia Nurses (ASPAN). These certifications will make your skills more valuable in the workplace.

Perianesthesia Nurse Salary and Career Outlook

The health care field is growing rapidly.  Many more nurses will be needed in the coming years.  Nurses with specialties such as recovery room nurses will be in high demand in the next decades. People will be living longer and will need surgical procedures as they age.  Surgeons, surgical nurses, and recovery room nurses will continue to be highly necessary members of the medical team.

The salary for this specialty nursing position ranges from $52,000 to $65,000 annually.  Nurses with extensive education and experience will generally reach the highest pay levels.  The salary that a recovery room nurse receives will vary based on the type and size of the clinic or hospital where they are employed. 

Pediatric Endocrinology Nurse

Pediatric Endocrinology Nurse Job Description & Scope of Practice
A pediatric endocrinology nurse treats children with disorders of the endocrine system, such as diabetes.  The nurse assists both children and their parents learn how to manage the effects of their disease.

A nurse who specializes in pediatric endocrinology assists the doctor in conducting patient exams and patient evaluations as well as providing treatment and educating parents and children being treated.

Some of the most important job duties and roles of this nursing position include:

• Educating children and their families on managing their disease
• Conducting routine medical examinations
• Assisting with patient testing and evaluation
• Providing information to patients and parents about medications
• Acting as a liaison between the doctor and the patient’s family

Nurses may work in a hospital or clinic, or as part of a private practice.  Some nurses may pursue a research position, to assist in the technological advances of treating pediatric endocrinology disorders.

How to Become a Pediatric Endocrinology Nurse

This specialty nursing position is an ideal career for a nurse who wants to find an important medical specialty field and who also likes working with children and their families.  The position begins with proper education and experience.  The first step is to earn a BSN, Bachelor of Science Nursing degree.  It is helpful to include specialized endocrinology coursework.  You must then become a licensed nurse by taking the NCLEX-RN exam.  Then you will be prepared to begin working in the nursing profession.

Nurses who wish to pursue working in an area of specialty, such as pediatric endocrinology, will need to practice as a general RN for several or more years to gather experience.  It is best to gain experience by working in a pediatric practice or in a children’s ward.  Additionally, it is useful to work in the area of endocrinology as well as to take some advanced courses in the subject to improve your area of expertise.

Pediatric Endocrinology Nurse Education Requirements, Certification, and Schooling Programs

Those striving to work in pediatric endocrinology will need to begin with a strong nursing undergraduate program and receive a Bachelor’s of Science degree in nursing (BSN)  It is recommended that the nursing candidate begin taking specialized courses in pediatric nursing and endocrinology as soon as possible. Many nurses will first get some practical experience before continuing their education.

Nursing students may wish to pursue an advanced degree such as a Master’s degree.  The concentration should be in the area of pediatrics or endocrinology.  Pediatric endocrinology nurses are not currently certified. However, many nurses in the field choose to become certified in another area such as pediatric nursing. The Pediatric Nursing Certification Board (PNCB) certifies pediatric nurses who meet qualifications and pass a certification exam. Successful applicants receive the Certified Pediatric Nurse (CPN) credential. Qualifications include 1,800 hours of pediatric clinical experience working as a Registered Nurse (RN) within two years prior to the exam. The exam covers multiple topics in the following disciplines: respiratory health, gastrointestinal health, infection disease, emergencies, oncology and mental health among others. Certification is voluntary, but it is highly recommended by the Society of Pediatric Nurses (SPN).

Pediatric endocrinology nurses may choose to join the Pediatric Endocrinology Nursing Society (PENS), a non-profit organization specializing in the advancement of pediatric endocrinology nursing.

​​​Pediatric Endocrinology Nurse Salary and Career Outlook

This is a highly specialized area of nursing.  All nursing positions, especially those requiring special education and training, are expected to grow in the coming years.  The area of endocrinology in particular is growing rapidly.  A nurse with a specialization in pediatric endocrinology will be in high demand in the coming years. The salary for a nurse with this area of expertise ranges from $65,000 to $82,000.  The more education and experience the nurse has, the higher the salary is likely to be.

Patient Care Technician

Patient Care Technician Job Description & Scope of Practice
A patient care technician (PCT) takes care of patients as they receive health care.  The PCT is not a nurse but does work alongside doctors, nurses, and nurse practitioners.

A (PCT) interfaces with patients in all areas of care including:

• Assisting patients with general tasks (eating, bathing, personal care)
• Takes care of immediate patient’s needs
• Assists with wound treatment
• Helps assess and plan patient care
• Assists with a patient’s nutritional needs
• Helps patients with mobility
• Assists doctors and nurses with patient care
• Performs miscellaneous functions

How to Become a Patient Care Technician

This position does not require a nursing degree; however, the PCT should have graduated from a PCT program through an educational center or college.  Those who work in this area of expertise may work in one of many settings including a hospital, clinic, rehabilitation center, hospice, long-term care facility, cancer clinic, or retirement facility.  A PCT should have good interpersonal skills because they will be working directly with patients on a daily basis.

Many of those who take specialty care programs may want to take the Certified Nursing Assistant exam upon completion of the educational program to become a CNA.  The CNA certification will provide the PCT with the credentials that will create future job opportunities.  Some medical facilities or clinics prefer to hire applicants with the CAN certificate.  This position may be considered a stepping stone while pursuing a nursing degree.

Patient Care Technician Education Requirements, Certification, and Schooling Programs

A technician will need to have a high school diploma, or equivalent, and complete specialized training for PCT.  Students should graduate from an accredited program that offers a combination of classroom lectures and laboratory facilities.  Many programs also provide externships where students can complete their studies in a real working environment.  Some of these programs are offered through local technical schools and can be completed in less than two years.

Choose a program that offers both classroom and practical training to get a well-rounded education.  Programs may also offer externships where students will receive classroom credit while working off campus at a medical facility.  Additionally, some of these programs offer flexible class schedules so that you can work while attending classes. Some courses provide specialized training in a particular area of medicine.

The National Healthcareer Association (NHA) offers the following certifications for patient-care technicians: Certified Patient Care Technician (CPCT), Certified Patient Care Associate (CPCA) and Certified Nurse Technician (CNT). In order to sit for the exam, applicants must have sufficient training or one year experience as a nurse technician. The exam takes three hours and 30 minutes to complete and consists of 200 questions. Although certification is voluntary, employers increasingly look to hire certified individuals.

Patient Care Technician Salary and Career Outlook

The need for all types of medical professionals is expected to increase through the coming decades.  The technician is a necessary part of every medical facility and hospital.  The employment outlook for this entry level position will certainly increase as the number of patients that need medical assistance increases.

A PCT with a CNA designation should expect to earn $20 to $35 per hour.  In general, the technicians with the most experience will be able to reach higher salaries. Most of these positions are hourly employees while some may be salaried.  The position may require flexible hours and you may expect some overtime.

Parish Nurse

Parish Nurse Job Description & Scope of Practice
Parish nursing is a specialized nursing position that is performed within a parish or faith community.  The parish nurse performs all the typical duties of a general registered nurse along with some additional responsibilities.  The parish nurse helps patients achieve a balanced lifestyle, often providing holistic health care.

A parish nurse is also sometimes called a faith community nurse.  Parish nurses may work in a particular parish setting or may be part of a local community health center.

The parish nurse promotes good health within the values and beliefs of the local faith community.  Parish nurses perform many duties including:

• Educates parishioners about various health issues
• Acts as a liaison between the church and the community
• Teaches through groups and volunteer organizations
• Offers holistic healing of the mind, body, and spirit
• Advocates and provides resources for those in need

How to Become a Parish Nurse

Parish nurses are first and foremost registered nurses.  To become a registered nurse you must complete a university nursing program and receive a Bachelor of Science Nursing Degree, BSN.  Upon completion of the program, nurses must pass the NCLEX-RN exam to become a registered nurse. Then, nurses will need to acquire plenty of experience in the nursing field by working in a hospital, clinic, or other health care facility.  Parish nurses are typically general nurses so it is essential to gather plenty of experience working with all types of illnesses and injuries.

Parish Nurse Education Requirements, Certification, and Schooling Programs

Those wishing to go become parish nurses must first complete a nursing program through an accredited university.  Aspiring nurses must earn a Bachelor of Science Nursing degree (BSN).  It is helpful to take some courses that focus on faith and counseling in order to add to the skills necessary to become a parish nurse.  Some students may consider choosing a faith-based university to complete their studies.  Parish nurses must learn how to successfully combine faith and medicine.  Students may choose to take curriculum that has been developed specifically for nurses through the International Parish Nurse Resource Center (IPNRC).  After earning a BSN degree, nurses must take the NCLEX-RN exam to become registered.

Parish nurses or Faith Community Nurses (FCN) are not formally certified by any agency at the current time. However, faith-based committees are working with the American Nurses Association (ANA) and the American Nurses’ Credentialing Center (ANCC) to establish credentialing criteria for this field.

Parish Nursing Salary and Career Outlook

A parish nurse is part of the registered nursing community.  The nursing profession is a growing field and is expected to keep growing.  The health care industry is in continued need of high quality nursing professionals and this includes the parish nurse.  It is important to know that not all churches or parishes employ a nursing staff and when they do it is typically a single nurse position.  Even so, those who are interested in combining their faith with health care, the parish nurse position is a good fit.

Some nurses work part time or on a volunteer basis in a parish. Some churches do not have a budget that includes payment for a full time nurse.  This specialty nurse can expect a lower than average salary for this health care position.  A typical salary for this type of position may be less than $52,000 per year. 

Pain Management Nurse

Pain Management Nurse Job Description & Scope of Practice
A pain management nurse is a nurse who specializes in assessing, treating, and monitoring patient’s pain.  This highly specialized nursing position is responsible for assessing the level of discomfort a patient is experiencing.  Then, the nurse helps to determine the source and reason for the pain.  Pain management nursing is a complex medical field that requires a high level of training and experience.

Nurses work with patients who have acute or chronic pain due to various causes.  The nurse must be able to properly assess the patient’s need for pain relief and works with other medical professionals, including doctors, to administer the proper pain medication for each patient.  Nurses work side-by-side with doctors to assess a patient’s medication requirements and pain thresholds.

How to Become a Pain Management Nurse

The first step towards becoming a nurse with a specialty in pain management is to earn a Bachelor of Science degree in nursing (BSN).  After attaining the BSN degree, nurses must pass the NCLEX-RN exam to become registered or certified.  It is extremely helpful for a specialty nurse to earn a Master’s or Doctorate degree.  Those who wish to improve their careers will also become certified through the American Nurses Credentialing Center.  Applicants must meet the eligibility requirements and must pass a certification test.

Additionally, a nurses may choose to join the American Society for Pain Management Nurses (ASPMN).  These nurses may work in a variety of places including hospitals, surgical centers, clinics, emergency rooms, rehabilitation centers, outpatient services, and private practices.

Pain Management Nurse Education Requirements, Certification, and Schooling Programs

Nurses who have a specialty in caring for patients in pain are very specialized nurses.  This type of nurse starts the education process by attaining a BSN degree.  Be sure to include specific coursework that focuses on pharmacology and anesthesia.  These areas will help you to better understand the pain management requirements of patients in various settings.  Pain management applies to all types of patients including patients of varying ages ranging from infancy to the elderly.

Nurses will need to take an entry level nursing position that will provide plenty of opportunity to learn the area of pain management for patients.  Experience is necessary before entering an advanced degree program to earn a Master’s or Doctorate degree.

The American Society for Pain Management Nursing (ASPMN) recommends credentialing through the American Nurses Credentialing Center (ANCC) for pain-management nurses. Nurses who meet eligibility requirements and pass an examination are awarded the Registered Nurse-Board Certified (RN-BC) credential. Qualified individuals have practiced for two years as an RN, possess 2,000 hours pain-management experience and are up to date in regards to continuing education hours with 15 of those hours spent in pain-management classes. The exam consists of 150 multiple-choice questions on the topics of foundation of pain, pain assessment and reassessment, interventions and patient education. Certification validates knowledge and skills in the pain-management field, but it is not mandatory.

Pain Management Nurse Salary and Career Outlook

The salary for those who work in specialized areas of medicine such as pain management can expect a salary higher than that of a general nurse.  The typical salary range is from $55,000 to $75,000.  Those with the best qualifications and the most experience in pain management will receive the highest salaries.

The outlook for all medical professionals is expected to be quite good in the coming years.  More and more nurses are needed to care for patients as more people are joining the ranks of senior citizens.  The need for a nurses who specialize in pain management will continue to rise and they will be necessary in many different medical care facilities. 

Otorhinolaryngology Nurse

Otorhinolaryngology Nurse Job Description & Scope of Practice
An otorhinolaryngology nurse is also known as an ear, nose and throat nurse, or ENT nurse.  An ENT nurse treats patients who have head or neck injuries or disorders.  Many of the disorders are related to the ear, nose, and throat, and include such things as thyroid problems, tonsillitis, allergies, sinus problems, ruptured eardrums, and deformities that affect the head such as a cleft palette.

Ear, nose and throat nurses perform many varied duties including:

• Patient diagnosis and assessment
• Perform physical examinations
• Assist with specialized treatments
• Educate patients and their families
• Provide assistance to the doctor or surgeon
• Communicate with patients about their diagnosis

How to Become an Otorhinolaryngology Nurse

In order to become an ear, nose, and throat nurse you must first take a certification test to become a registered nurse.  The NCLEX-RN exam enables nurses to become registered (RN).  After completion of your education and after successfully becoming licensed the nurse must gain several years of nursing experience, preferably in the area of otorhinolaryngology.  It is advisable to work in the otorhinolaryngology department of the hospital or clinic, or for a private ENT doctor.

After gaining several years of nursing experience the aspiring ENT nurse may decide to pursue a Master’s degree in nursing.  This will improve the salary and employment options for the future.  The nurse specializing in otorhinolaryngology may also choose to become certified through the National Certifying Board for Otorhinolaryngology.  Applicants must fulfill eligibility requirements and must also pass a certification exam.

Otorhinolaryngology Nurse Education Requirements, Certification, and Schooling Programs

The nurse specializing in ear, nose, and throat medicine must attain a Bachelor of Science in Nursing, BSN degree.  Choose an educational program that concentrates on the study of the ear, nose and throat.  Some of the areas of study should be focused on the areas of otology, audiology, laryngology, and rhinology.  Additionally, the student should take courses in clinical nursing.  In addition to a BSN degree, students may decide to further their education by attaining a Master’s Degree in Nursing (MSN) or a doctorate degree.  The emphasis of study should be related to otorhinolaryngology.  In general, the higher the level of education achieved, the higher the expected salary will be.  Nursing students should spend some time practicing nursing before going on to achieve an advanced degree.

The National Certifying Board for Otorhinolaryngology and Head-Neck Nurses (NCBOHN) offers the CORLN credential (Certified Otorhinolaryngology Nurse) to eligible applicants who pass the certification exam. Eligibility requirements include three years experience working in the field of Otorhinolaryngology. The exam, consisting of 250 multiple-choice questions, takes four hours to complete. The questions are written, reviewed and approved by experts in the field. While certification is not mandatory, many hospitals seek to hire certified individuals so it is highly recommended by the Society of Otorhinolaryngology and Head-Neck Nurses (SOHN).

Otorhinolaryngology Nurse Salary and Career Outlook

The need for ENT nurses, as with other types of nurses, is expected to grow substantially over the next decade or more.  People are living longer and so the need for high quality health care is on the rise.  Nurses with a specialization are in the highest demand. Nurses who specialize in otorhinolaryngology may work in a wide variety of settings including hospitals, clinics, cancer centers, allergy clinics, plastic surgery centers, specialty clinics, and private practices.

An ENT nurse may expect to earn between $51,000 and $65,000 annually based on education, experience, and knowledge.  Those nurses with the most experience and with a strong educational background in otorhinolaryngology will certainly exceed these salary estimates. 

Orthopedic Nurse

Orthopedic Nurse Job Description & Scope of Practice
Orthopedic nurses take care of patients suffering from musculoskeletal disorders.  Some of the most common types of illnesses and injuries include arthritis, bone fractures, joint replacements, osteoporosis, diabetes, and broken bones.  Nurses who specialize in orthopedics may work in a various roles in a wide range of environments including orthopedic units in hospitals, clinics, emergency rooms, operating rooms, trauma centers, rehabilitation centers, home health agencies, and private orthopedic practices.

Nurses working in orthopedics help patients by performing the following job duties:

• Evaluate patient’s conditions
• Assist doctors with patient examination and care
• Prepare patients for surgery
• Educating patients regarding treatments
• Assist during surgery
• Care for patients before and after surgery
• Teach patients and their family members proper home care
• Assist with patient mobility

How to Become an Orthopedic Nurse

Nurses with a specialization in orthopedics work with a wide range of patients and must be highly trained.  Those interested in specializing in this area of medicine must first start by becoming a registered nurse, RN.  You must pass the NCLEX-RN exam to earn certification.  Many specialty nurses go on to further their education by earning a Master’s degree in nursing (MSN).

After becoming a certified nurse, you will need to gain experience working in the area of orthopedics (also known as orthopaedics), if possible.  This experience is helpful before taking additional courses or entering a Masters in nursing program.  Some of the areas of experience that should be considered include critical care facilities, emergency rooms, surgical settings, and cancer clinics.

Orthopedic Nurse Education Requirements, Certification, and Schooling Programs

An orthopedic nurse must first earn a Bachelor of Science Nursing degree, BSN.  This degree is a four-year degree in general nursing, however, the aspiring nurse who specializes in orthopedics should take special courses in anatomy and orthopedics.  Following some nursing experience, nurses may decide to pursue a Master’s degree in Nursing (MSN).

After graduating with a BSN or MSN degree, nurses may choose to become certified. Orthopedic nurses receive certification through the Orthopaedic Nurses Certification Board (ONCB). The board bestows the credential of Orth0peadic Nurse Certified (ONC) on eligible applicants who pass a certification exam. Certification is accredited by the Accreditation Board for Specialty Nursing Certification (ABSNC). Although it is not required, certification is highly valued by employers. The exam consists of questions pertaining to multiple topics such as degenerative disorders, orthopedic trauma, sports injuries, musculoskeletal tumors and more. Eligible applicants must have two years experience working as a Registered Nurse (RN) and 1,000 hours spent working in orthopedics. The National Association of Orthopaedic Nurses (NAON) mentors nurses in the orthopedic field.

Orthopedic Nurse Salary and Career Outlook

Nurses with a specialization in orthopedics work with a wide range of patients making the need for these types of nurses high.  The area of orthopedics is growing rapidly.  The need for nurses in this field is expected to climb greatly over the next decades.  Nurses are necessary in many areas of medicine including clinics, hospitals, private practice, hospice, long-term care facilities, pediatrics, geriatrics, and sports medicine.  They may work in a clinical office setting or may assist in surgeries.

Those with the most education and experience in the area of orthopaedics will achieve the highest salary levels.  The annual salary range for a nurse in this specialized area is from $52,000 to $64,000.  However, some highly trained nurses with management skills may earn as much as $90,000 per year.  Nurses working in highly specialized areas such as orthopedic nursing can expect to earn the highest salaries.

Ophthalmic Nurse

Ophthalmic Nurse Job Description & Scope of Practice
Ophthalmology is the area of medicine dealing with the care and diseases of the eye.  The ophthalmic nurse cares for patients with eye disorders.  Nurses who work in the field of ophthalmology typically work with ophthalmologists to provide patient care.

The eye care nurse provides some of the following treatments:

-Assists patients with eye examinations

– Prepares patients for eye surgery

• Educates patients about good eye health
• Assists with eye surgery
• Conducts tests for eye disorders including glaucoma, cataracts, and eye trauma
• Gathers information from patients

Eye care nurses offer care for patients with a variety of vision and medical problems that affect vision including glaucoma, cataracts, eye injuries, blindness, hypertension, and diabetes.  Nurses work with ophthalmologists to provide care before, during, and after routine exams and surgical procedures. Nurses must have excellent communication skills and must be able to work with all ages as patients may range in age from infancy to the elderly.

How to Become an Ophthalmic Nurse

Nurses who work in ophthalmology must first complete a nursing degree at an accredited university.  It is essential to first attain a Bachelor of Science degree in Nursing (BSN).  After completing your degree you must become a registered nurse.  This is accomplished by taking the NCLEX-RN exam.  Many of these specialty nurses further their careers by becoming certified through the National Certifying Board for Ophthalmic Registered Nurses (NCBORN).  This board offers certification for nurses meeting the qualifications and eligibility requirements.  To become certified through the board, nurses must pass a certification exam.

Ophthalmic Nurse Education Requirements, Certification, and Schooling Programs

The eye care nurse should attain a Bachelor of Science degree in Nursing (BSN).  Make sure that your undergraduate work includes courses in ocular anatomy and disease.  After successfully completing your degree program, nurses must attain registered nurse status through examination.  A nurse who aspires to go into the specialty of ophthalmology may also choose to go on to attain a Master’s degree in nursing (MSN) with a specialization as a clinical nurse specialist (CNS).

The National Certifying Board for Ophthalmic Registered Nurses (NCBORN) offers certification to nurses who meet certain qualifications and pass an exam. Eligible candidates possess two years or 4,000 hours experience working as an ophthalmic nurse. Once eligibility is determined, applicants sit for the exam that includes questions pertaining to ocular conditions, pharmacology, assessment and professional issues. The test takes approximately two hours to complete. Certification is not required. However, it formally documents competency, knowledge and skills in the field.

Practicing nurses may choose to join the American Society of Ophthalmic Registered Nurses (ASORN).  ASORN fosters excellence in ophthalmic patient care, helping to develop nurses through education.  The organization is designed to assist nurses in continued education to provide high quality patient care.

Ophthalmic Nurse Salary and Career Outlook

As the number of elderly patients continues to rise, the need for all types of specialty nurses will keep going up as well.  As technology improves the ability to have successful eye surgeries the need for high quality eye care will increase.  Since ophthalmic nursing is not one of the most common areas of nursing, the need for this specialization will continue to go up.

Nurses with this specialty may work in a clinical setting, a surgical setting, or a combination of both. They can expect an annual salary ranging from $55,000 to $67,000.  Those nurses with more education and experience will typically reach the higher end of the salary range.  Nurses with NCBORN certification are most likely to increase their yearly salary, with a potential salary reaching more than $70,000 per year.

Operating Room Nurse

Operating Room Nurse Job Description & Scope of Practice
The operating room nurse is also known as a perioperative or OR nurse.  A perioperative nurse is responsible for patient care during and immediately following a surgical procedure.  This highly specialized nurse is part of the surgical team that ensures proper patient medical care before and throughout surgery.

The OR nurse is typically responsible for many of the following nurse duties:

• Assessing patients prior to surgery
• Acts as a liaison between the surgical team and the patient’s family
• Helps monitor patients during surgery
• Provides a sterile environment and instruments for surgery
• Provides recovery care after surgery
• Instructs patients on home after care needs

How to Become an Operating Room Nurse

An OR nurse is a high level nursing position that is reserved for some of the best and most highly educated nurses.  In order to become a successful perioperative nurse you must have the ability to work well under pressure and must be comfortable in all types of operating room settings.  In addition, OR nurses need to have strength and stamina to care for patients in a variety of circumstances and situations.

The OR nurse needs to be able to multi-task and work quickly and efficiently.  The operating room is a fast-paced environment where all team members must be prepared to take immediate life-saving measures.  Many nurses find that this environment is a good fit for them.  If you enjoy a fast-paced work environment and are prepared to work long yet rewarding hours, this position may be the best for you.

Operating Room Nurse Education Requirements, Certification, and Schooling Programs

An OR nurse is a specialized nursing position.  The first step towards becoming a specialized nurse is to earn a Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN).  After earning a BSN degree you will need to get your nurse’s license by passing the NCLEX-RN exam.  The OR nursing student will want to further his or her education by attaining a Master’s degree in nursing (MSN).  This coursework should be completed after some time spent working in the nursing field.

Certification for operating-room nurses is available through the Competency and Credentialing Institute (CCI). Nurses who meet eligibility guidelines and pass a certification examination receive the Certified Nurse Operating Room (CNOR) credential. Two agencies accredit the CNOR including the National Commission for Certifying Agencies (NCCA) and the American Board for Specialty Nursing Certification (ABSNC). Eligibility requirements include experience working in perioperative nursing education, administration, research or clinical practice. Candidates must have 2,400 hours of experience in perioperative nursing, with half of those hours spent working in an intraoperative setting. The certification exam consists of 200 multiple-choice questions pulled from nine core subjects. The exam takes three hours and 45 minutes to complete. Certification validates skills and knowledge, but it is not required to work as an operating-room nurse.

The OR nurse may also choose to join the Association of Operating Room Nurses (AORN).  This group oversees and assists OR nurses by providing information and resources specifically for use by nurses with a specialty in caring for patients before, during, and after a surgical procedure.  There are various levels of membership available including student membership.

Operating Room Nurse Salary and Career Outlook

Surgical procedures are on the rise and with an elderly population that is increasing, the need for this specialty nursing position is increasing.  More and more surgical procedures are being performed as medical advancements are made.  The requirement for specialty nurses to assist with medical procedures will continue to rise.

The salary level for these nurses ranges from $61,000 to $75,000.  OR nurses with advanced degrees or with extensive surgical experience will attain a higher salary.  The salary will depend on the education, experience, and knowledge of the nurse as well as the type and size of the employer.

Oncology Nurse

Oncology Nurse Job Description & Scope of Practice
An oncology nurse is a nurse who provides care for patients who have cancer.  The care of oncology patients is a specialized area of nursing because it requires nurses to care for terminally or chronically ill patients.

The oncology or cancer nurse delivers a wide range of patient services including:

• Monitor patients for physical conditions and symptoms
• Assist in developing management strategies
• Administer treatments including chemotherapy
• Provide information to cancer patients
• Assist in the screening, detection, and prevention of cancer
• Works with other health care providers to administer high quality patient care

How to Become an Oncology Nurse

The nurse who specializes in oncology may work with patients with a diverse range of types of cancer.  Some nurses decide to focus on one primary area of oncology such as breast oncology, or GYN oncology.  When choosing a specialty it is essential to focus your education on that area by taking classes and seminars.  A cancer care nurse often treats terminally ill patients and must have compassion and a gentle nature.

Oncology is a very rewarding area of medicine.  Nurses may work in a clinical practice, a hospital, a hospice, a long-term care facility, or a medical center that specializes in cancer treatment.  Other options for nurses include becoming a researcher, consultant, or teacher.

Oncology Nurse Education Requirements, Certification, and Schooling Programs

The nursing careeer must begin by earning a Bachelor of Science Nursing Degree, BSN.  This may be accomplished at any reputable university with a good nursing program.  It is important to be sure to take specialty courses in the area of oncology throughout your educational career.  After successful completion of a BSN degree you will need to take and pass the licensing exam in order to become a licensed nurse.  The licensing exam is called the NCLEX-RN exam.

After earning a BSN degree and becoming licensed, you will need to gain nursing experience.  It is also helpful to earn a Master’s or Doctorate degree in nursing with a specialization in oncology.  Choose an advanced degree program that provides you with the knowledge you will specifically require to treat oncology patients. In addition to a strong educational background, cancer care nurses may choose to join the Oncology Nursing Society (ONS).  This is a professional organization of registered nurses dedicated to the education, care, and research of oncology nursing.  Applicants must meet eligibility requirements and pass an assessment exam.

The Oncology Nursing Society (ONS) recommends certification for nurses working in oncology. Certification, available through the Oncology Nursing Certification Corporation (ONCC), is accredited by the National Commission for Certifying Agencies (NCCA). Applicants who fulfill eligibility requirements and pass an examination are awarded with the credential OCN or Oncology Certified Nurse. Eligibility is determined in several ways, with each requiring a combination of education and experience in the field. Certification is not required. However, the American Board of Nursing Specialties (ABNS) views certification as a formal recognition of the specialized skills needed to work in the oncology field.

Oncology Nurse Salary and Career Outlook

The need for all types of health care professionals, including nurses, is expected to climb substantially in the next decade or more.  Nurses with a specialty in oncology will be particularly in high demand because of the increase in the elderly population.  The field of oncology is quite broad, so the requirement for specialized nurses is very high. Specializing in a particular area of oncology may help to increase your salary.  The nurse with a specialty in oncology can expect a salary in the range between $55,000 and $75,000 per year.  Those oncology nurses with more education and experience will typically receive an annual salary at the high end of the scale. 

Nurse Researcher

Nurse Researcher Job Description & Scope of Practice
A nurse researcher is a nursing professional and research specialist who implements and analyzes scientific data regarding health care.  The research nurse may work in one of many different health care settings including research laboratories, universities, non-profit organizations, and private companies.  The nursing research specialist does research and analyzes the results in the form of reports, papers, and studies.

This advanced nursing position is a scientist who identifies and researches scientific studies related to the health care industry.  Medical research studies are often funded through grants.  Nurses may also author papers, studies, and articles that are published in professional journals.  Many of these research specialists are also involved in academics as teachers.  An advanced nurse may start as a clinical research assistant, a research coordinator, or a research monitor.

Job duties include some of the following:

• Helps prove scientific basis for medicine
• Assists in the prevention of diseases
• Works to control or eliminate symptoms of specific illnesses
• Improves management of long-term and end-of-life care

How to Become a Nurse Researcher

A research nurse combines the nursing field with the scientific field.  If you like the idea of nursing but prefer to use the knowledge in a more scientific way, this may be the ideal position for you.  Research nurses spend more time with facts and figures than with patients. You will need to have a strong background in both nursing and researching.  The ideal candidate will have a logical approach to medicine and a longing to continue to learn more about the various aspects of the science of medicine.

Nurse Researcher Education Requirements, Certification, and Schooling Programs

The ideal nursing candidate will achieve advanced degrees in nursing.  The critical educational path should include:

• Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN)
• Master’s Degree in Nursing
• Doctorate Degree

The nursing research specialist will need to study in the areas of nursing as well as research such as biology.  The aspiring nurse will need to have an analytical approach to the medical profession.  While this profession does require a nursing degree, it is used in a more scientific way than is usual.  It is important for someone seeking this position to have a strong educational emphasis on scientific research.

Many research nurses begin by gaining experience as a registered nurse before choosing a career in nurse research.  An advanced degree should focus on a specific area of concentration such as infectious diseases, cancer research, or pediatric health.

Nurse researchers who wish to become certified do so through the Society of Clinical Research Associates (SoCRA). Eligible candidates must be a member of SoCRA and also have two years experience working full time as a clinical research professional or an equivalent of 3500 hours. A combination of experience and/or appropriate education in clinical research may reduce or eliminate experience requirements. The certification exam covers five major subject areas including conduct of clinical trials, institutional review boards and regulations, ethical issues, ability to follow directions and abstracting information from medical records. Those who successfully complete the exam earn the designation of Clinical Research Professional (CRP). Certification is not required to work as a clinical researcher. However, certified individuals may find it easier to obtain employment.

Nurse Researcher Salary and Career Outlook

The need for medical professionals in general will increase over the next decades. Medical research is a much needed part of the medical community.  The nursing researcher has the opportunity to work in one of many varied environments including both private and public sectors.  It is anticipated that the need for nursing positions will continue to grow as these nurses are required for many varied job assignments.

The salary of a scientific nurse will vary depending on the level of education, the amount of experience, and the position the nurse holds.  In general, the salary expectations range from $62,000 to $75,000, with the salary level increasing with experience. 

What is a Legal Nurse Consultant?

While opportunities abound in all types of nursing careers, if you would enjoy combining legal work with your nursing background, then legal nurse consulting presents a great option. The field offers entrants the opportunity to be part of a fast-growing industry offering attractive salaries.

But, what is a legal nurse consultant?

Legal Nurse Consultant Job Description & Scope of Practice

A Certified Legal Nurse Consultant (CLNC) is a registered nurse (RN) who combines expertise in nursing practice with specialized legal training in order to consult on medical and health- related legal cases.

Most legal nurse consultants work from home as consultants to legal firms, healthcare facilities, insurance companies, risk management departments of private firms (e.g. pharmaceutical), health maintenance organizations (HMOs), and government agencies.

Entry requirements include possession of a current and unrestricted registered nurse license, significant experience in clinical nursing practice, and specialized training offered in variety of training programs.

Five Areas of responsibility for Legal Nurse Consultants:

Reviewing medical records

Legal nurse consultants review medical records to:

1) determine incidences of professional negligence;
2) summarize the extent of injuries and treatment methods used;
3) identify instances of possible record tampering.

Educate attorneys and others of legal team

Legal nurse consultants educate attorneys and other members of the legal team regarding medical facts, treatment standards, complexities and subtleties of the healthcare systems and how this relates to the present case, and medical terminology. In addition, their combination of medical and legal background permits legal nurse consultants to serve as a communication bridge between the legal system, physicians, and clients involved in the case.

Investigation of Cases

Investigation plays a primary part in the nursing career of legal nurse consulting. As case investigators, legal nurse consultants may provide the following services:

• Investigate disability and compensation claims to determine whether they are based on authentic circumstances.
• Review cases involving possible fraud and abuse of government programs, including Medicare and Medicaid.
• Conduct investigations regarding possible misconduct on the part of healthcare facilities or individual care providers.

Preparing for Trials

For cases that will go to trial, legal nurse consultants prepare medical reports and timeline of medical treatment, as well as charts and graphs.  They may also create questions that attorneys use during depositions, interview parties involved in the case, and prepare witnesses for their testimony.

Providing Expert Witness Testimony

Attorneys may call on legal nurse consultants to provide expert testimony with regard to medical facts and data, as well as their opinions of liability based on the evidence presented. Along with their own testimony, legal nurse consultants may also locate other expert witnesses who can offer insight with particular aspects of the case.

Legal Nurse Consultant Education

Basic requirements to start a nursing career as a legal nurse consultant include the possession of a current and unrestricted registered nurse (RN) license and significant experience in clinical nurse practice (three years or more).

Certification as a legal nurse consultant is available through many certification programs offered in traditional classroom and online study.  One of the oldest and most respected training programs is offered by the Vickie Millazo Institute.

A graduate degree and certification as a legal nurse consultant help establish credibility and competence and may lead to greater employment opportunities and higher salaries.

Career Outlook

Of the over 1.2 million attorneys currently practicing in the United States, about 25 percent focus on the area of healthcare law making the job market for legal nurse consultants very strong in both healthcare-related and legal settings.

Legal Nurse Consultant Salary

Certified nurse consultants typically charge fees raining from $125. To $150. per hour.  As such, their services provide attorneys with a highly cost-effective method for having an expert review medical documentation, interpret medical terminology, and explain the complexities of the healthcare system.

Occupational Health Nurse

Occupational Health Nurse Job Description & Scope of Practice
This is a nursing specialist who provides health care in a work-related setting.  This highly specialized nursing position is often employed by companies to help insure safety standards are in place as well as to take care of the daily medical needs of the employees.

An Occupational Health Nurse (OHN) may perform many various duties as specified in their specific job description.  They work in the private sector but are still registered nurses.

• Assist employers in setting and carrying out health and safety standards
• Assess the health of employees
• Provide immediate care to employees who are sick or injured
• Keep medical records for employees
• Assist with workman’s compensation cases
• Appraising work environments
• Educating employees on important medical and safety issues

How to Become an Occupational Health Nurse

The first step for those entering this nursing field is to earn a Bachelor of Science degree in nursing, BSN.  It is also important for nurses specializing in occupational health to earn a Master of Science in Nursing (MSN).  In many cases it is helpful to gain some working experience as a nurse before entering the Master’s degree program.  It is necessary to work as a nurse in the areas of public health, emergency nursing, or critical care nursing, to gain the knowledge of working with patients with various medical conditions.  The position requires the nurse to be licensed.  Additionally, the nurse should have some working knowledge or training in business in order to practice nursing in the business environment.  The nurse who is aspiring to go into the occupational health area will benefit from taking some business courses and may even want to minor in business.

Occupational Health Nurse Education Requirements , Certification, and Schooling Programs

This is a specialized area of nursing that requires the student to first earn a Bachelor of Science Nursing degree (BSN).  After successfully earning the BSN degree, the nurse must pass the NCLEX-RN licensing exam.  A Master of Science in Nursing (MSN) is recommended, with a concentration in public health or in administrative nursing.  It is also helpful to become certified through the American Board for Occupational Health Nurses (ABOHN).  The ABOHN is an independent nursing specialty certification board and sets professional standards and conduct for nurses in the U.S.  There are four types of credentials that may be awarded through the ABOHN including “Certified Occupational Health Nurse” (COHN), Specialists (COHN-S), Case Management (CM), and Safety Management (SM).  In order to be board certified, nurses must meet eligibility requirements and pass a certification exam.

Occupational Health Nurse Salary and Career Outlook

Companies are becoming increasingly concerned with workplace safety.  As a result, the need for qualified nurses specializing in occupational health is on the rise.  The best candidates for the position will have a strong nursing education coupled with plenty of experience working in patient settings. The salary for this nursing position ranges from about $66,000 to $75,000 annually.  The more experienced nurses can expect a salary on the high end of the spectrum.  Additionally, those nurses working in the private sector will typically receive company benefits including such things as paid vacation and medical benefits.

Nurse Manager

Nurse Manager Job Description & Scope of Practice
A nurse manager is a nursing specialist that additionally performs in a supervisory role.  The nursing manager is a position that is responsible for overseeing the work of other nurses and health care professionals.

The nursing manager performs some of these work duties:

• Hires, motivates, and manages nurses and other staff personnel
• Coordinates nurse working schedules
• Tracks and evaluates employee performance
• Participates in the development of programs and services
• Analyzes reports used to improve services
• Assists in budgeting and planning for the department
• Takes care of day-to-day running of the assigned medical area

How to Become a Nurse Manager

A nursing manager is often chosen from among the ranks of nurse care providers employed at the location.  If the nurse has experience and demonstrates excellent management potential, the health care administration may choose to promote a nurse from within the organization.  Another way to enter the nurse management field is to train specifically for it through advanced education in hospital administration.

Managing nurses may also become certified through a professional organization such as the American Organization of Nurse Executives (AONE).  This highly respected organization also provides certification for nurse executives.  There are two certifications available including a Certificate in Executive Nursing Practice (CENP) and a Certified Nurse Manager and Leader (CNML) certification.

Nurse Manager Education Requirements, Certification, and Schooling Programs

To go into nursing management you must have a nursing degree as well as experience in nursing and management.  This means that you must first obtain a Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN).  Additionally, you must be licensed to practice nursing.

Because of the advanced management skills necessary for this medical management position it is also helpful to earn a master’s degree in nursing or in hospital administration.  By combining both nursing education with hospital administration education you will prepare yourself more thoroughly for a management position.  You will increase your ability to market yourself as a supervisor by including hospital administration education in your overall educational plan.

The Certification for Nurse Managers and Leaders (CNML) is awarded through the American Organization of Nurse Executives Credentialing Center (AONE) and the American Association of Critical-Care Nurses Certification Corporation (AACN) as a collaborative effort. Applications go directly to the AONE. Eligible candidates must posses a bachelor degree or higher degree and two years experience as a nurse manager. Other degrees are acceptable, including associates, provided the applicant meets increased experience requirements. Those wishing to take the certification exam may take a self-assessment exam and participate in study groups hosted by AONE. Certification is not required, but it is encouraged.

Nurse Manager Salary and Career Outlook

Nursing managers are necessary in all areas including hospitals, medical care centers, health care organizations, health clinics, senior care facilities, long term and hospice care centers, ambulatory care centers, and any other type of health care facility where nurses are present.  Managing nurses are also necessary in the private sector in areas such as healthcare services.

There are often different levels of nursing managers, depending on the specific medical care facility.  For example, an entry level management positoin may have fewer responsibilities than a manager with more experience in management.  An entry level position will carry a lower salary than one of a more experienced level.

In general, nursing supervisors and managers in major cities can expect a salary of about $60,000 to $85,000 per year.  The salary will be commensurate with your education and experience levels.  There will generally be an increased need for nurses to perform management activities as more nursing professionals are added to the job market over time.  The need for health care professionals is expected to grow over the next decade.