Paramedics to RN programs

Must know facts about Paramedics to RN programs
After the hectic work of being a paramedic/ Emergency Medical Technician (EMT); the situation where everybody expects you perform the best and save the lives of their loved ones, it could be time you are thinking of changing careers. As a Paramedic, you have certainly faced the worst traumatic situations- fire, tragic accidents, domestic violence, natural catastrophes, death and many more. With all this tucked under your eyebrows, you are well weaned to start off in another health care career as a licensed RN.

Switching from Paramedic to RN

Normally, when you switch from a paramedic to a RN, you will be awarded an Associate of Science in Nursing. Paramedics wishing to become RNs can take either of the two study paths available:

i)        EMT to RN bridging program

The study is referred to as a bridging program as you already have the basics of what a RN does.  The bridging, as the name suggest, is a simplified version of the usual Nursing degree program. The only difference between the paramedics and RNs is that they never have the opportunity to follow-up on their patient’s recovery progress. The mandate ends at the hospitals’ emergency centre reception.

ii)      Traditional nursing school

You may also choose to start the nursing degree from the lowest point like you have never set foot on a medical class. However, not many students take this route as it is seen as unnecessary repetition. If you wish to have a strong solid foundation, this could be the way to go. But that does not mean that if you took the bridging option, you will be half-baked-it is just a matter of personal preferences.

Course duration to become a RN from a Paramedic

In advancing from an emergency medical technician to RN via the bridging program, you will have to undertake two years of study. By the end of this period, you will be in a position to take the National Council Licensure Examination for Registered Nurses (NCLEX-RN) test. Upon passing this test, you will be given the license to practice as a Registered Nurse.

If you take the other option of starting from the bottom, it will take you a longer time; usually 3 to 4 years to earn your ASN degree

What are the Prerequisites of the Paramedic to RN programs?

The first requirement you need in order to enroll for a paramedic to RN program is your paramedic license. This will be proof that you have prior medical experience and knowledge of the vital roles of a RN. In addition, you will have to produce your high school diploma.

In rare instances, the school enrolling you may require you to have attained a minimum of GPA 2.5 during your EMT training. Others still, ask for ACT and SAT achievements as a pre-evaluation curtail.

Paramedics are busy people- what study options do I have

As a paramedic, you will have little or no time to attend a typical daytime classroom lesson. In this case, many paramedics to RNs programs are being offered in a flexible- easy to study way. Many schools offer the bridging course as online learning packages. This gives you space to do your day work and study whenever you have the time.

Only in few cases will be required to attend practical lessons onsite. On the other hand, you may apply for a study leave and enroll for a crush full time nursing program.

What is the major course work in the Bridging programs?

As there is no much of a difference between these two medical professions, the course work is quite easy. The most important aspect of training a paramedic to a practitioner who will be confined in a hospital setting is long-term patient care.  Paramedics must learn how to establish good patient-nurse relationships, which has been shown to aid in the healing process.

This hence, translates to too much of fundamental nursing courses like:

• Advanced patient care concepts

Since you will spend most of the time with patients contrary to the Emergency response, you will have to learn give long-term care to patients. This includes taking daily tasks like monitoring patients’ records, deciding on care plans, advising on post-treatment patient care, nutrition and other forms of therapies, hospital rounds etc. As a RN, you will also be taught on how to educate the public on emerging health issues.

• Psychology and Psychiatry

As part of the healing process, Registered Nurses must have a quick understanding of the psychology of patients. In this case, patient psychology must be taught as a core and fundamental course in the transition from paramedics to RNs.

• Critical Childcare nursing

RNs have immense mandate of pediatric and neonatal care. They sometimes serve as midwives and as such, they must have the details of pediatric nursing. This is not usually taught during paramedic training. However, you will not be required to take many pediatric lessons unless you want to specialize in that medical line.

• Special patient Nutrition

This is a vital area where paramedics need to be trained on. Normally, paramedics do not get to a point where sustained diet plans for patients are required. But in a hospital setting, RNs must have the knowledge to devise the most beneficial nutritional needs for patients during and after hospital discharge. Nutrition lessons are usually taken during the first semester of the Bridging program

• Medical ethics

This is required for every medical staff. Keeping private and confidential of all patients’ facts, records information is one of the basic elements of being a trusted RN. You will be taught the code of medical ethics and the laws that govern patients’ rights and entitlements.

• Microbiology

AS opposed to outdoor or mobile medical services of the paramedics, RNs are required to learn all disease causing agents. In this case, you will have to have in-depth studies of bacteriology, virology, fungi and other disease causing microorganisms. You will have to master how all these microorganisms are involved in the disease process and how to counter them.

• Anatomy and physiology

The two courses are vital in the nursing career and their importance cannot be overemphasized. You will never be a qualified nurse if you cannot master the location of major tissues and organs.

• Advanced laboratory methods

Registered Nurses are expected to undertake major clinical and testing procedures. As such, you will need to be trained in handling and operating laboratory equipment and the practice of safe lab methods.

• Healthcare administration

RNs are usually given the mandate to head major departments in the hospital setting. In this case, you must undergo rigorous healthcare administrative training to gain managerial and administrative skills. These skills will help you become a senior or head nurse

Where will my Associate of science in nursing degree take me?

After completion of studies and getting the license of a RN, you will have great career opportunities in major hospitals. Many RNs also find work in hospice settings and home-care programs in addition to being employed directly in physicians’ offices.

Other RNs will want to work as occupational nurses dealing with a particular cluster of occupation-related ailments.

Salary comparison between paramedics and RNs

The major reason why paramedics shift from their careers to become fully recognized healthcare professional is the earning potential. According to the Bureau of Labor and Statistics, paramedics have the potential of earning twice their salary when they become RNs. It is this that will be the number one reason of switching from an emergency medical technician to a registered nurse.

While emergency medical technicians earn from $19000 to $50000, Registered nurses take home a whooping $45000 to $95000. This clearly indicates the huge desire for transition from the former to the latter.

List of schools that offer paramedic to RN programs

The examples above are just a tip of the iceberg. For more information on schools within your locality that offer EMT to RN transition programs, the local Nursing board could help you locate.

Potential RN students may also wish to locate schools that will have flexible learning modes especially if they do not plan to quit their current paramedic jobs.  Making a great choice will help you have a smooth transition to the course of your desire. Above all, the right choice comes with in depth research and wise consultations

While both stressful and rewarding, the job of a paramedic has career advancement opportunities similar to those in any other medical field. Having a Registered Nurse (RN) license can position you to earn more money and land prime jobs in your field, with average starting salaries nearly $20,000 above the average paramedic’s salary. And with several online paramedic to RN programs, you can find a degree program that fits within your busy schedule.

Moving from Paramedic to RN

In addition to earning more, an RN’s hours can be much more desirable than a paramedic’s. Statistics show that a paramedic averages only eight years on the job, with burnout very common in the field. Years of seeing such trauma can take a toll on even the most professional paramedic, prompting them to seek out other career paths after only a few years on the job.

The problem for many paramedics, however, is time. How can you squeeze classroom learning into an already hectic schedule? Thankfully, several online paramedic to RN programs exist that are both convenient and inexpensive. You can either choose a local hybrid that combines both classroom and online learning or a distance learning program that is exclusively web-based.

Great Colleges Locally and Far Away

Excelsior College has a paramedic to RN program that provides distance learning. The program uses assessments to determine a nurse’s level of knowledge in various areas of their chosen field. Excelsior specializes in providing education to working adults, billing itself as a leader in online education and distance learning. The school can even work with you to customize your learning experience to fit your needs and schedule. Headquartered in Albany, New York, the courses can be taken from anywhere in the country, but check with your state licensing board before beginning any distance learning program to make sure your degree will be accepted.

If you live in Virginia, J. Sargeant Reynolds Community College offers an AAS degree in nursing to in-state residents currently holding a paramedic license. You will receive eight credits toward your 69-credit degree and the program spans four semesters. In addition to online courses, you’ll be required to purchase CDs containing your course materials. You will also have to perform clinicals at a local hospital, which will be approved by a faculty member of the school.

The Community College of Baltimore County has a paramedic to RN bridge program that can be completed online. This program is designed for paramedics with a minimum of two years of hands-on experience in the field. This is a hybrid online and classroom experience available only on CCBC’s Catonsville campus in Baltimore, Maryland, but the program is open to anyone with a valid Maryland paramedic license.

Clark State Community College also has a program for local residents. Laboratory and clinical portions of the program must be completed on Clark State’s campus, which is located in Springfield, Ohio. The courses can be completed online, however, allowing the Ohio resident to commute when necessary and do the rest from home.

If you live in Kansas, Hutchinson Community College in Hutchinson, Kansas has a hybrid program for registered EMT-Ps. Upon enrollment, you’ll be given thirty days to choose from during which to complete the clinical portion of the program at the Hutchinson campus. Of those dates, you’ll pick ten to twelve days that work best for you. The program takes two years to complete.

Bridging the Gap

Whether you’re planning to complete your training online or on a campus near you, it’s important to look for a bridge program designed to help paramedics become RNs. You’ll get credit for the license you already have, allowing you to receive your degree in less time at with less expense than if you were planning to go directly to Registered Nurse status.

Most nursing programs will require hands-on experience, so look for an online program that lets you complete your clinical work at a location convenient to you. Even distance learning programs will often allow you to do your work in a hospital in your hometown, as long as that hospital is located close to you.

Thanks to technology, a large number of online paramedic to RN programs are now available to help you earn your RN license in a small amount of time. Once you’ve received your RN, you’ll be ready to move on to the next phase of your career and work better hours while earning more money.

LVN to ADN Programs | Reviews

There are plenty of accredited full-time and part-time LVN to ADN bridge programs to choose from for those Licensed Vocational Nurses who want to enhance their professional qualifications and training by educating themselves to associates in nursing degree level. Which LVN to ADN nursing school program will be right for you will depend on your current location and what you want to achieve career wise.

Here are some reviews of 5 colleges that offer the LVN to ADN course. Two schools are in California, two in Texas and one in Indiana. Each review shows typically what you should expect from each course.

Alvin Community College:

Alvin Community College located in Alvin Texas, offers a 1-year LVN to ADN transition program for students who are already Licensed Vocational Nurses.  The program provides an abbreviated pathway that allows nurses to receive credit for their nursing skills and prior education and experience.  Classes begin each May.  Students must meet the admission requirements and must show proof of their current LVN status.  The program is very popular and students will be placed in an applicant pool where the top applicants will be selected for program admission.  Applicants may apply from January to the first week of March each year.

Modesto Junior College:

Located in Modesto, California, Modesto Junior College offers nursing programs on-campus including a popular LVN to ADN bridge program. The program offers an advanced placement path for nurses who are Licensed Vocational Nurses.  LPNs receive credit for work experience in nursing as well as for previous education.  The program creates a way for LPNs to more quickly attain their Associate’s Degree in Nursing without the need to take courses on subjects they already know.  Applicants must apply and provide proof of LPN licensing to qualify for the program.  The program will be customized to each student.

Azusa Pacific University:

Azusa Pacific University offers nursing programs and bridge programs.  The LVN to ADN program is designed to give LVNs an abbreviated path towards achieving the ADN degree.  Credit is offered for general election courses that the LVN can show competency.  Each student is evaluated individually to provide a specific path to attaining the Associate Degree in Nursing.  The program is offered for a small number of students at a time – classes are formed whenever a group of six LVN to ADN students apply and are accepted.  The programs are CCNE accredited and are offered through the main campus location in Azusa, California.

Lone Star College

Lone Star College System Nursing Department offers nursing transition and articulation programs that are approved through the Texas Board of Nursing and accredited by the National League for Nursing Accrediting Commission.  The nursing programs are offered at the Kingwood campus located in Kingwood, Texas.  LVN to ADN articulation program allows licensed vocational nurses credit for their clinical nursing experience to reduce the length of time it takes to complete a degree program.  Coursework is provided in an integrated curriculum. Students must take placement tests for admission into the program.

Indiana State University:

Indiana State offers LVN to ADN programs both on campus and online.  Students entering the program must already be licensed LVNs.  The program combines general education and electives with over 40 hours of upper-division nursing courses.  The program is designed to provide continuing education to nurses who already have their LPN or LVN license.  Students must complete general education and elective classes.  Nurses will receive credit for their previous education and work experience.  The program provides students with the training necessary take the NCLEX-RN exam upon completion. 

Anesthesiologist Nurse

The anesthesiologist nurse has a critical role in most surgical procedures performed today. The Certified Registered Nurse Anesthesiologist (CRNA) is a highly trained registered nurse who specializes in administering all types of anesthesia. The nurse anesthetist will normally consult with the doctor and or other health professionals regarding the appropriate anesthesia for the patient. This advanced nursing specialist will then administer the anesthesia during the surgical procedure, and monitor the patient’s vital signs during the procedure and in the recovery room. The anesthesiologist nurse job outlook is bright even in a slow economy, and the demand continues to grow for CRNAs.

Anesthesiologist Nurse Job Description & Scope of Practice

The nurse anesthesiologist is vital in surgery or any procedure which requires anesthesia such as childbirth, dental procedures, and diagnostic procedures such as a colonoscopy or a CT scan on a small child.

The nurse anesthetist will consult with the attending physician and then determine the best anesthesia for the patient’s age, and physical condition. This professional will normally meet with the patient and describe the type of anesthetic as well as assess their physical condition.

The CRNA will administer the appropriate type and amount of anesthetic to assure patient comfort during the procedure and continually monitor their condition during the procedure. The nurse anesthetist will follow the patient’s progress during post procedure recovery.

The Nurse Anesthesiologist administers anesthesia as a practice of nursing. They are permitted to administer anesthesia of all types including epidural, spinal, general sedation, local anesthesia and peripheral anesthesia under the direction of the attending or collaborating physician.

How to Become an Anesthesiologist Nurse

Preparation for a career in nursing and becoming a nurse anesthesiologist can begin early in high school with the student focusing upon chemistry and biology courses, or the nurse may choose to change focuses later in their career. An LVN or LPN can choose a leveling program to RN which will allow them credit for schooling already completed. A new student will need to choose a school that offers a four year nursing program. A high school diploma is required for entry into any nursing program. Successful completion of a college entrance examination is also required. Nursing students who successfully complete the four year program and receive their RN license will then enroll in a Master level program for anesthesiologist nurses. These master level programs typically require two to three years to complete.

The educational requirements for the nurse anesthetist are rigorous because the patient’s well being during a surgical procedure is literally in this professional’s hands:

Anesthesiologist Nurse Education Requirements, Certification and Schooling Programs

• Achieve a Bachelor of Science nursing degree in 4 years of nursing school.

• Pass the state board for registered nurses and hold a valid registered nurse license.

• Have one year experience in an acute care setting such as ICU, NICU, trauma units, or post operative recovery.

• Attend a 2 year Master Degree program in nursing anesthesiology. These programs include clinical as well as classroom instruction.

• Pass the Certified Registered Nursing Anesthetist examination. The American Association of Nurse Anesthetists (AANA) recommends certification as a Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetist (CRNA) as it lends credibility and expert status to anesthesia professionals. Certifications for the field are managed by the National Board of Certification and Recertification for Nurse Anesthetists (NBCRNA). In order to sit for the exam, candidates must complete a nurse anesthesia program that is accredited by the Council on Accreditation of Nurse Anesthesia Educational Programs within two years prior to the exam. Three hours are allowed to take the exam, consisting of a mix of 100 to 170 multiple choice questions and mathematical calculations. Nurses must be certified to work as an anesthesiologist nurse.
Positions in Master programs for nurse anesthetists are limited. The programs at the most prestigious schools are meticulous. Competition for the limited openings at these schools may be very intense. Chemistry, pharmacology, and advanced courses in anatomy are part of all of these program’s curriculums.

Anesthesiologist Nurse, Salary and Career Outlook

Those nurses successfully trained in anesthesiology nursing fit well into today’s movement toward maintaining quality health care and making it more affordable. To date, no state requires an anesthesiologist to administer anesthetics and although the nurse anesthesiologist is well paid they are more cost effective than an Anesthesiologist. The nurse anesthetist may expect to see an increase in jobs in rural settings as well as inner cites. Private clinics and outpatient cosmetic surgery clinics also employ nurse anesthetists.

Job growth for nurses is predicted to be around 21% to 35% until 2020. Advanced nursing specialists such as the nurse anesthetist can expect to see an equivalent increase in demand for their services. So in the near and long-term, job security for those in anesthesiologist nurse careers should be very promising.

The CRNA’s salary is commensurate with their training and most earn at least twice the national average for a Registered Nurse. Nationwide the average salary of a CRNA is around $150,000. Salaries for the Nurse Anesthesiologist will vary with geographical locations as well as employment settings.

Ambulatory Care Nurse

Becoming an Ambulatory Care Nurse Is An Expanding And Lucrative Career Choice For Nurses
The Ambulatory care nurse provides comprehensive nursing care on an outpatient basis for patients in a variety of settings. An ambulatory nurse’s job is challenging and may be the ideal way to start a nursing career. While an ambulatory care nurse may still function as a Registered Nurse (RN) in a clinical setting, this specialist will have far more knowledge and depth to draw from and is often found outside the hospital environment.

Ambulatory Care Nurse Job Description & Scope of Practice

Ambulatory care nurse jobs may be found teleconferencing, health screening clinics, walk in clinics, well baby clinics, Hospice settings and more venues. An ambulatory care nurse must not only excel in the practice of nursing but be able to triage patients in walk-in clinics, translate doctor’s orders into activities which are understandable and practical for the patient or family. In certain situations the nurse may act as a phlebotomist, doctor’s nurse, or nutritional counselor to patients and family. This specialist will attempt to establish a rapport with family and patient in order to increase compliance with medication or lifestyle changes.

Ambulatory nurse specialists will encounter a variety of situations in the course of a day’s work in a disease screening clinic, prevention of illness or into supporting sick individuals to wellness. Ambulatory nurses may be required to triage patients in order to treat the most critical first.

How to Become an Ambulatory Nurse

Preparation for a career in ambulatory care nursing can begin as early as high school. The student may want to focus upon biology, chemistry, math, and the sciences. A four year nursing degree from an accredited nursing school will allow the student to make the most of their nursing degree and permit them to move upward into administrative positions. Upon graduation from high school the hopeful should apply to the nursing school of their choice. Classes for nurses include the normal balanced curriculum such as English, math, and the arts. However, the nursing student will also take classes in advanced biology, patient care, nursing ethics. The final semesters consist of hands on clinical experience in hospital settings.

Ambulatory Care Nurse Education Requirements, Certification and Schooling Programs

While ambulatory nurses may be LPNs, or LVNs, most clinical settings require a Registered Nurse for this position. In order to obtain most of the available positions in administration for Ambulatory care nurses, the RN must also have a certification in ambulatory nursing care. The following are the requirements for receiving a certification as an Ambulatory Nurse specialist from the American Board of Nursing Specialties:

• Complete a 2 or 4 year RN course from an accredited school of nursing.

• Pass the state board Registered Nursing Examination.

• In order to become certified as an Ambulatory Care Nurse, the RN must have had at least two thousand hours of clinical experience in an ambulatory care setting within the last three years.

• The RN must also have completed at least thirty hours of continuing education in ambulatory care prior to applying for the certification examination.

• Successfully pass the certification examination given by the American Nurses Credentialing Center. The certification examinations are computer based and are taken at locations throughout the U.S. The American Academy of Ambulatory Care Nursing (AAACN) represents nurses in the ambulatory-care field. Certification is available through the American Nurses Credentialing Center (ANCC). In order to become certified – Registered Nurse-Board Certified (RN-BC) – applicants must have two years full-time experience as a registered nurse. They must also have at least 2,000 hours experience in an ambulatory-care setting and 30 hours continuing education within three years prior. The exam consists of 175 questions, which fall into the following categories: clinical practice, communication, issues and trends, systems and education. Certification is not a requirement to work in ambulatory care, but it helps applicants secure jobs as it advertises their expertise in the field.

While Licensed Practical or Vocational nurses may be employed by some facilities as ambulatory care nurses, the scope of their practice is necessarily more limited. Furthermore, Certification is usually restricted to RNs. The individual interested in specialty nursing will find the better career opportunities go to the candidate with the most education and experience in the field.

Ambulatory Care Nurse Salary and Career Outlook

The nursing field is currently experiencing a shortage of qualified nurses of all levels of education, but the crisis is particularly acute in nursing specialty areas such as Ambulatory care nursing. The decade of 2008 through 2018 is predicted to find the demand for nurses increasing from 21% to 35%. The Certified Ambulatory Care Nurse can make from $65,000 to $85,000 a year. The salary depends upon the agency employing the nurse specialist as well as the location where the nurse lives and practices.

General nursing can be a wonderfully fulfilling career for many nurses. However, nurses who want to broaden their knowledge base, increase their responsibilities and increase their job satisfaction may well want to consider specializing in high demand areas such as that of an ambulatory care nurse.

Advanced Practice Nurse

Advanced Practice Nurse – Is This The Career For You?
An advanced practice nurse is a Registered Nurse and also holds a Master or Doctoral degree in their chosen nursing specialty. These professionals enjoy more latitude and independence in decision making. The certification APN can apply to several types of advanced nursing degrees.

The Advanced Practice Nurse Job Description & Scope of Practice

The APN may specialize in one of many fields including some not mentioned. Necessarily their roles and job descriptions will change according to the advanced practice nursing specialty chosen. However, what follows is a very short rundown of the four most common nursing paths chosen by an Advanced Practice Nurse.

• Certified Nurse Anesthetist (CRNA) – This specialist is permitted to administer anesthetics including local, general, conscious sedation, and general anesthetics.

• Certified Nurse Midwife (CNM) – These Registered nurses are part of the prenatal care as well as home deliveries for pregnant women. This profession requires an advanced Master Program in Midwifery as well as clinical practice under a licensed instructor.

• Nurse Practitioner (CNP) is a Registered nurse who has completed a bachelor degree in nursing, as well as a Master level program. These professionals provide routine primary care and are permitted to write prescriptions or make referrals to specialists.

• Clinical Nurse Specialists (CNS) are nurses who have chosen to specialize in a particular area such as neonatology, ICU, psychiatric nursing, pediatrics, OB/GYN care geriatrics or other fields. Often, these professionals are in administrative positions.

Providing affordable and yet quality health care has been a growing concern over the last several decades. The Advanced practice nurse is a feasible answer to cutting the growing cost of health care and yet providing exceptional care for patients. An advanced nursing degree allows the Registered nurse can give the RN a greater body of knowledge to work with and  many specialties such as Nurse Practitioners have independent practices. An advanced practice nurse who has chosen a Nurse Practitioner specialty may provide most common health care services without the direct oversight of a physician.

How to Become an Advanced Practice Nurse

Careers in general nursing can be extremely satisfying and an advanced practice nurse need not leave the clinical setting entirely. These highly trained nurses instead possess a greater depth of knowledge in their chosen specialty which allows them to impact patient’s lives in a more positive and long term way.  A four year Bachelor of Science nursing degree is a prerequisite for any Advanced Practice Nursing degree. The nurse can choose to begin preparing for advanced practice nursing as soon as they are accepted into nursing school or they may choose to redirect their career at a later point.

Advanced Practice Nurse Education Requirements, Certifications, and Schooling Programs

• Successfully complete a four year nursing program from an accredited nursing school this requires a high school diploma or GED and passing the college entrance examination.

• Pass the state board examination to obtain a Registered Nurse’s License

• Select a specialty program such as Nurse Anesthetist or Nurse Practitioner

• Successfully complete the 2 to 4 year program for the advanced practice nursing specialty sought.

• Pass the certification examination for the applicable advanced specialty, such as the Midwife certification or Nurse Practitioner examination or Anesthesiologist Nurse. Advanced practice nurses receive certification through the Board of Registered Nursing (BRN). Advanced nurses can obtain certification in several different areas including Clinical Nurse Specialist (CNS), Nurse Anesthetist (NA), Nurse-Midwife (NMW), Nurse Practitioner (NP), Psychiatric/Mental Health Nurse (PMH) and Public Health Nurse (PHN). Applicants test in the area of their specialty and must pass the exam in order to become certified. Many of these disciplines do not require certification, but most hospitals and health clinics prefer to hire certified professionals.

Many of these programs also require an internship period before becoming eligible to take the certification examination. An advanced practice nurse can further specialize in a sub-specialty and become a pediatric nurse practitioner or a family nurse practitioner. Most nurses will select a sub-specialty before entering their Master’s program.

Advanced Practice Nurse Salary and Career Outlook
Nursing is a career which is experiencing a crisis shortage of qualified providers. APN professionals (advanced practice nurses) are in even more demand than the common Registered Nurse. Because the APN is a key to quality lower cost health care these professionals can be found in urban settings, rural communities, hospitals and clinics. Job growth for the advanced practice nurse is expected to exceed 21% through the year 2020. The average salary of an advanced practice nurse is from $80,000 per year upward and can be as much as two to three times that of a RN without an advanced degree.

Wound Care Nurse

Wound Care Nurse Job Description & Scope of Practice
A wound care nurse is a specialized nursing position that is designed specifically to heal patient’s wounds.  The nurse who specializes in wound care has a nursing degree and is a certified nurse with a specialization in caring for patients with injuries.

As a wound care specialist you will have many of the following roles and responsibilities:

• Stage a patient’s wound
• Provide wound treatment
• Assess wounds
  • Work with doctors to provide medication
  • Educate patients on wound care

Nurses who are proficient in caring for wounds may work with trauma or emergency situations and may work with all types of wounds including gunshots, cuts, and scrapes.  The nurse may need to take photos of the wound and assist the doctor in determining a treatment plan.  Nursing professionals must have good attention to detail, good communication skills, and must be able to provide gentle care in a calm and soothing manner.

How to Become a Wound Care Nurse

Anyone who is interested in becoming specialized in wound care will need to become a certified nurse and should have at least 5 years experience in wound care.  Nurses should first attain a nursing degree through a good nursing school or university.  After graduating with a nursing degree you must take the NCLEX-RN exam to become a registered nurse in your state.  Gain some work experience by taking an entry level nursing position in the area of wound care, possibly at a hospital or clinic.

Wound Care Nursing Education Requirements, Certification, and Schooling Programs

The aspiring nurse should complete an educational program in nursing.  A two-year nursing program will provide you with an Associate’s Degree in nursing (ADN) while a four-year program offers you a Bachelor of Science Degree in Nursing (BSN).  Both offer good programs, however, when striving to become a specialty nurse you will be better off choosing the BSN option.  Students should take undergraduate courses that prepare them for wound care as a specialty.  Additionally, nurses may opt to go on to attain a Master’s Degree in Nursing (MSN) with a specialty in wound care.  Nurses will need to gain as much experience as possible before entering a MSN program.

Wound-care certification is awarded through the Wound, Ostomy and Continence Nursing Certification Board (WOCNCB) as well as the National Alliance of Wound Care (NAWC). Both agencies offer different levels of certification for Licensed Practical Nurses (LPN), Registered Nurses (RN) and nurses with higher degrees. Each has their own requirements. Testing focuses on general wound-care principles such as assessment, cleansing procedures, drainage, cauterization and infection control among others. Several certification options are available including the Wound, Ostomy and Continence Nurse (WOCN) through the WOCNCB and Wound Care Certified (WCC) through NAWC.  Both these professional organizations offer nurses support, educational resources, and information about wound care. Certification is not required to work in these areas, but it is highly recommended.

Wound Care Nurse Salary and Career Outlook

The career outlook for all nurses is expected to climb in the coming years.  There is going to be a high demand for trained nurses and particularly for nurses with specialties such as wound care.  By some estimates, the need for nurses will go up by as much as 22% over the next ten years.  Nurses with the highest level of education can expect to receive top salaries.  The salary for a nurse with a specialty in wound care may range from $52,000 to $65,000.  Those nursing professionals with the most experience and training will expect to get the high end of the pay scale.  Those with MSN degrees may expect to exceed $75,000 annually.  

Urologic Nurse

Urologic Nurse Job Description & Scope of Practice
A urology nurse is a nurse that specializes in caring for patients with illness or diseases of the urinary system.  The urinary nurse treats patients with diseases of the kidney, bladder, and urethra as well as any other parts of the urinary tract.  The urologic nursing professional works closely with the doctor and assists with patient intake information, exams, preparing for lab tests, diagnosing illnesses, and educating patients and their families on the treatment and maintenance of the urinary system.

Urology deals with kidney related illnesses such as kidney stones.  Kidney stones are among the most common type of disorder that affects the urinary system.  Another common urologic condition is urinary incontinence.  Nurses who specialize in urology assist patients with learning how to take care of their urinary problems including how to take medication as prescribed and how to make note of symptoms.

How to Become a Urologic Nurse

A urologic nursing is a specialized nursing position.  To become a nurse specializing in urology you must first attain your nursing degree.  After getting a nursing degree you will need to take the NCLEX-RN examination to become a licensed nurse in your state.  Some nurses may choose to go on to a Master’s program to achieve a Master’s degree in Nursing (MSN).  When choosing a MSN programs choose a specialty that will assist with becoming a urology nurse.  Additionally, choose a nursing position in a hospital or clinical setting that specializes in urologic health.  If you gain advanced education you may expect better career options and salaries over your lifetime.

Urologic Nursing Education Requirements, Certification, and Schooling Programs

In order to become a urology nurse you will need to have a nursing degree.  There are two options for nursing education including an associate’s degree in nursing (ADN) or a Bachelor of Science degree in nursing (BSN).  In order to attain an ADN degree you will need to graduate from a two-year program.  The BSN is a four-year program.  When taking courses during undergraduate study you should take specialized courses in biology, anatomy, and chemistry.  This will assist with learning more about the urinary system.

After becoming a registered nurse, you should get experience as a nurse by working in an entry level nursing position.  Once you have additional experience you may opt to take certification exams through the Certification Board of Urologic Nurses and Associates (CBUNA). You should also join the Society of Urologic Nurses and Associates (SUNA).  SUNA provides information, sponsors conferences, and certifies nursing professionals.  Nursing professionals with these additional credentials may be in higher demand and may attain higher salaries.

The Society of Urologic Nurses and Associates certifies urologic nurses through the CBUNA. Applicants must have completed their education through a program accredited by the National League for Nursing Accrediting Commission (NLNAC) and possess 800 hours clinical practice in a urologic setting. Nurses with an associate’s degree can also obtain certification after one year experience in urology. The multiple-choice exam covers numerous topics including erectile dysfunction, minimally invasive therapy for benign prostatic hyperplasia, pelvic organ prolapse and voiding dysfunction. SUNA recommends voluntary certification for all professionals working in a urologic setting.

Urologic Nurse Salary and Career Outlook

Nursing and all health care professions are growing rapidly.  With more and more Americans reaching old age, the need for nurse care professionals continues to increase.  The urology nurse is a specialized position.  Most nurses who specialize in urology can expect a salary ranging from $62,000 to $78,000 or more per year.  The more experienced nurse should expect a salary on the high end of the scale. 

Travel Nurse

Travel Nurse Job Description & Scope of Practice
A travel nurse is a nurse that works in various medical facilities or hospitals throughout the country or around the world.  Traveling nurses carry out all general nursing duties in temporary assignments.  Assignments may be local, nationwide, or anywhere in the world and may average in length anywhere from about a month to a year or more.

This nursing position is best for those who enjoy new surroundings and meeting new people.  You must be confident in your nursing abilities since the position requires you to know the job thoroughly.  The traveling nurse job can be an exciting opportunity for nurses to travel to new and interesting locations while providing necessary services. Most often these nurses are new nursing graduates due to the extreme travel commitment required. This makes it easier for young nurses with a desire to see the world.

How to Become a Travel Nurse

Traveling nurses are often hired through a placement or staffing company that specializes in health care.  The nursing professional must have a wide variety of nursing skills and experience.  It is helpful to obtain at least a year of nursing experience working in a hospital setting.  These specialized positiong are most often hired through staffing agencies or placement companies.  There are many companies that offer positions for traveling nurses both in and out of the United States.  This type of nursing position must be licensed by taking the NCLEX-RN exam.  Additionally, traveling nurses may want to join a professional organization such as the American Travel Health Nurses Association (ATHNA).  Professional organizations assist nurses by promoting the profession as well as providing information and education resources for nurses.

Travel Nurse Education Requirements, Certification, and Schooling Programs

A travel health nurse must be a registered nurse.  The first step towards this goal is to train in a two or four year educational program.  You will need to have a Bachelor of Science degree in nursing or an Associate’s Degree.  The program must be accredited by the National League for Nursing Accrediting Commission (NLNAC).  Once your education is complete you must take the nursing board exams through the National Council Licensure Examination for Registered Nurses, NCLEX-RN.

The American Travel Health Nurses Association (ATHNA) works for the advancement of travel nurses, but there is currently no certification available for travel nurses other than blanket Registered Nurse (RN) certifications. A Registered Nurse-Board Certified (RN-BC) designation, available through the American Nurses Credentialing Center (ANCC) may help travel nurses secure employment with agencies.

Travel Nurse Salary and Career Outlook

Nurses are in great demand around the world.  Traveling nurses typically get paid by the hour, with rates ranging greatly depending on the location and assignment.  Average hourly rates range from $30 to $40.  Other benefits are often provided for the travel health nurse as well, including such things as relocation fees, bonuses, and room and board.  These nurses are usually paid through an agency.  Because the position requires you to relocate for extended periods of time, the salary is higher than that of a typical nurse.

The career outlook for the traveling nurse is very good.  There is an increased need for nurses which can be filled through the travel health nurse position.  The need for these types of nursing professionals is expected to increase substantially over the next decade.  Traveling nurses will often get substantial bonus or benefit packages depending on the circumstances of the job.

Trauma Nurse

Trauma Nurse Job Description & Scope of Practice
A trauma nurse is a nurse that specializes in caring for patients who have been affected by trauma.  Traumatic events may be catastrophic events such as vehicle accidents and other emergency events.  Nurses who specialize in trauma work in a fast-paced environments where there are patients with traumatic injuries.  One example of a nursing position is in the emergency room of the hospital.  ER nurses are also necessary when emergency situations occur such as plane or train crashes, earthquakes, and fires.

Emergency nurses work closely with doctors and other health care professionals to evaluate patients, assist in patient care, and provide assistance by providing life-saving techniques.  The emergency nurse is an extremely stressful job which can become depressing over time.  They are often called upon to work long hours and must be able to work well under pressure in a fast-paced environment.

How to Become a Trauma Nurse

The path to becoming an emergency nurse is similar to other nursing positions.  It is important for you to seek a Bachelor’s degree from an accredited University.  Once you graduated from a nursing program you must take the NCLEX-RN exam to become licensed in your state.   You should also consider joining the Society of Trauma Nurses (STN).  This group offers support and educational resources to nurses working in trauma area. Nursing students should consider externing in a hospital emergency room as part of their undergraduate or graduate studies.

Trauma Nurse Education Requirements, Certification, and Schooling Programs

The first educational requirement necessary to go into trauma nursing is to attain a Bachelor of Science degree in nursing (BSN).  You should take courses throughout your undergraduate work that specifically deal with trauma, such as injury prevention.  Nurses working in trauma must have a high level of expertise and experience working in areas such as emergency rooms.  Not everyone is able to work well under the extreme stress and fast pace of the emergency room.  After attaining your BSN degree you should try to get an entry level nursing position that will expose you to as many different medical situations as possible.  Additionally, some nurses may choose to go on to attain a Master of Science Degree in Nursing (MSN).  Choose a Master’s degree program that provides the best fit for your desire to become an emergency room nurse.

Trauma nurses seeking certification must do so in another area as there is no distinctive trauma-nurse certification. A similar area relevant to trauma nursing is emergency medicine. Interested persons may obtain certification as a Certified Emergency Nurse through the American Nurses Credentialing Center (ANCC).

Trauma Nurse Salary and Career Outlook

The need for high quality nurses of all types is expected to rise in the coming years.  Emergency nurses are specialized positions that are not easily replaced.  Therefore the demand for these nursing positions is likely to be even higher than that for other types of nursing positions.  The salary of an emergency room nurse depends on various factors including your education, your experience, and the location where you work.  In general, the salary for this specialized nursing position is between $60,000 and $75,000.  The high salary is often based on the fact that the position is highly stressful and requires a great deal of experience.  Nurses with the highest level of education and the most experience can expect to make the most money.

Transplant Nurse

Transplant Nurse Job Description & Scope of Practice
A transplant nurse is a highly specialized nursing position that provides patient care and support to those who are receiving organ transplants. This specialty nurse works with patients before, during, and after the transplant surgery.  They help educate patients on the possible procedure including explaining the procedure and its potential risks as well as aftercare.  They may also work with living donors – patients who choose to donate an organ to someone else, such as bone marrow, a kidney, or part of the liver.

Nurses who work in the transplant specialty assist doctors by taking patient histories, getting the proper signatures on donor documents, assist with setting up lab tests, helping evaluate the results of tests, and provide information to patients and their families about their condition, their procedure, and their care.

How to Become a Transplant Nurse

The career path begins with an undergraduate nursing program to attain a Bachelor of Science Degree in Nursing (BSN).  The BSN degree should be earned through an accredited college or university.  Those nurses with associate degrees such as the ADN (associate degree in nursing), should consider taking a bridge program to earn a BSN degree in order to pursue becoming a specialty nursing position.

After earning a nursing degree, you will need to take the NCLEX-RN exam to become a registered nurse in your state.  Additionally, in order to gain the expertise and credentials necessary to get a job as in transplant nursing you should consider becoming board certified as a Certified Clinical Nurse specializing in organ transplants.  This is done through the American Board for Transplant Certification (ABTC).  Nurses with a specialty in transplants may also opt to join the Transplant Nurses’ Association (TNA). The ABTC awards nurses with the Certified Clinical Transplant Nurse (CCTN). Before earning certification, nurses must meet certain requirements and pass an examination. To sit for the exam, applicants must have two years experience as a Registered Nurse (RN) with half of that time spent caring for transplant patients. The certification exam consists of 100 questions covering several areas of transplant nursing. Certification is not required, but it is recommended by the Transplant Nurses’ Association.

Transplant Nurse Education Requirements, Certification, and Schooling Programs

The nurse who wishes to work in the area of transplants must follow a strong educational path.  First, you must complete undergraduate work to attain your Bachelor of Science in nursing degree (BSN).  After completion of the BSN degree you should consider going on to a Master’s program.  Many MSN programs require that you first establish your career by working for several years.  During that time it is helpful to work in an ICU or related area that will give you specific skills necessary to go into transplant nursing. Then, you can enter a program to earn your Master’s Degree in Nursing (MSN).  Choose a specialty that will allow you to learn as much as possible to prepare you to work in the organ transplant arena.

Transplant Nurse Salary and Career Outlook

The career outlook for all types of nurses is expected to be very good.  Because this is a highly specialized nursing position, the job outlook is even better.  The demand for organ transplants is on the rise, with many thousands of people on the waiting list to receive an organ.  The salary for a nurse with a specialization in organ transplants is expected to be between $60,000 and $72,000 annually.  Several factors will affect the salary including such things as your education, your experience, and the location.  Those with the most education and experience are more likely to achieve a higher salary. 

Toxicology Nurse

Toxicology Nurse Job Description, Certification, and Schooling Programs
Toxicology nurses care for patients who are suffering from the effects of poisons or toxic substances.  These types of nurses are specialty nurses that are trained to work with patients in a variety of situations.  Some of the most common toxicology patients have ingested something toxic or something that they are allergic to.  Other toxic situations may include such things as contact with hazardous materials, exposure to poisons, poisonous snake bites and similar problems.

Nurses with a specialty in toxicology are trained to work with patients in emergency situations as well as provide education on the hazards of toxic substances.  They may work in hospitals, poison control centers, clinics, and other health care facilities.

How to Become a Toxicology Nurse

Those who are interested in becoming a specialized nurse should plan on taking an accredited nursing program earning either a two-year or four-year degree.  Some nurses may earn a certificate through a local program or hospital.  After completing a nursing program, nurses will take the NCLEX-RN exam to become licensed.  Once you have your nursing credentials you should begin working in a hospital, poison control center, or other facility that deals with toxicology.  One way to get the necessary experience is to work in a critical care or intensive care unit prior to getting into toxicology nursing.

Toxicology Nurse Education Requirements, Certification, and Schooling Programs

The first step towards going into toxicology nursing is to enroll in a good nursing program.  Most specialty nurese should graduate from a good Bachelor of Science degree in nursing (BSN).  When taking undergraduate electives be sure to include some courses in toxicology and pharmacology.  These courses will assist you later in your career.  Those nurses who want to ensure the best paying jobs will elect to enroll in a Master’s degree program to attain a Master’s Degree in Nursing (MSN).  Take specialty courses throughout your master’s program that prepare you for a career in toxicology.

Certification is not currently available for toxicology nurses. Those who wish to become certified can obtain a Registered Nurse-Board Certified (RN-BC) credential through the American Nurses Credentialing Center (ANCC). However, after working in the field of toxicology you may choose to become a Certified Specialist in Poison Information by taking the exam that is offered through the American Association of Poison Control Centers (AAPCC).  This exam should be completed after gaining years of experience and knowledge as a nurse in the area of toxicology.

Toxicology Nurse Salary and Career Outlook

The career outlook for nurses is expected to grow considerably over the coming years.  Nurses with a specialty, such as toxicology, will have an excellent future career outlook.  The need for specialty nurses will certainly keep rising.  These nursing professionals work in hospitals, health care clinics, pharmacies, and poison control centers.  However, it is important to note that most of these facilities require only one or two nurse with a specialty in toxicology on staff at a time.  For this reason, it may be difficult to get an initial position in the field.  The expected salary for a nurse with a specialty in toxicology ranges from $45,000 to $60,000 annually.  The salary you will get is commensurate with your education and your work experience.

Surgical Nurse

Surgical Nurse Job Description & Scope of Practice
The surgical nurse, also known as a medical nurse, is a specialty nursing position that prepares patients for surgery and care for them during and after surgical procedures as well. These nurses work with other members of the surgical team including the surgeon, the anesthesiologist, and other specialty nurses.  Medical nurses make up the largest portion of nurses in the country.  Nurses work with patients before a procedure, often explaining what happens during the surgery and what the patient should expect after the procedure is complete.

During surgery, nursing professionals assist surgeons by preparing instruments and handing them to the surgeon as needed.  After surgery is complete, the nurse cares for the patient to ensure that the patient’s vital signs are stable and general monitoring of the patient.  Nurses who specialize in surgery must possess many varied skills and may work in a wide variety of surgical settings. These may include hospitals, clinics, surgical centers and private practices.  Nursing professionals may specialize in a specific type of surgery, for example, orthopedic surgery, eye surgery, or plastic surgery.

How to Become a Surgical Nurse

The first step in becoming a specialized nurse is to graduate from an accredited nursing program with a Bachelor of Science Degree in Nursing (BSN).  After graduating from the BSN program, you must pass the NCLEX-RN exam to become an RN.  Additionally, you should become board certified through the Academy of Medical-Surgical Nurses (AMSN).  AMSN is an organization dedicated to helping nurses learn and advance their careers.  With chapters across the country, they offer members information and provide seminars and conventions to assist nurses in their ongoing education process.  Nurses who want to go into surgical nursing should gain as much work experience as possible working in a surgical unit.

Surgical Nurse Education Requirements, Certification, and Schooling Programs

Those who want to go into surgical nursing should attain the highest level of education possible.  First, choose a good undergraduate nursing school to get your BSN degree.  When taking undergraduate electives be sure to choose courses that relate directly to surgical medicine.  Upon completion of the BSN, attain some working experience as an entry level nurse in a surgical setting, if possible.  It is recommended to enter a Master’s nursing program with a specialty in medical-surgical nursing.  The MSN degree will help you qualify for the best positions at the best facilities and will improve your career and salary for your lifetime.

The Academy of Medical-Surgical Nurses (AMSN) offers certification through their certifying board, the Medical-Surgical Nursing Certification Board (MSNCB). Surgical nurses who meet the requirements and pass the exam are awarded the Certified Medical-Surgical Registered Nurse (CMSRN) credential. Applicants who already possess medical-surgical certification through the American Nursing Credentialing Center (ANCC) may automatically receive certification without taking an exam. Eligible applicants must have two years experience as a Registered Nurse (RN) in a medical-surgical setting and 2,000 hours of clinical practice. Certification is voluntary and it is highly recommended by the AMSN.

Surgical Nurse Salary and Career Outlook

The career outlook for all types of nurses is very good.  Those nurses with a specialty will be in even greater demand.  Nurses who specialize in surgical procedures will be particularly sought-after in the coming years as medical procedures and surgeries will rise.  These nursing professionals may work in hospitals, clinics, private practice, or other medical facilities.  Nurses working in surgical settings may expect to receive a salary of between $51,000 and $68,000 annually.  Those with the most experience and highest level of education should expect to reach the high end of the scale. 

Substance Abuse Nurse

Substance Abuse Nurse Job Description & Scope of Practice
A substance abuse nurse specializes in providing care for patients who are addicted to drugs, alcohol, prescription medications, or other substances.  This specialty nursing position works closely with doctors to provide patients special care.  The nurse is often responsible for assisting with exams, educating patients and their families, and administering and monitoring medications.  Nurses must be specially trained in pharmacology and also must be particularly supportive and caring when working with difficult patients.

Patients with substance abuse are often dealing with other problems in their lives.  Nurses must be able to have compassion yet be able to distance themselves from patients when necessary.

These specialty nurses work with patients in both in-patient and out-patient settings.  Some of the most common places where these nurses work include hospitals, private clinics, mental health facilities, psychiatric wards, and treatment centers.  Nurses specializing in substance abuse must be trained in both the physical and mental aspects of addiction and work with doctors to provide customized treatment plans for their patients.

How to Become a Substance Abuse Nurse

The first step towards becoming a nurse specializing in substance abuse or addiction is to first become a registered nurse (RN).  There are two main ways to become an RN including either a two-year or four-year program.  A two-year program will provide you with an associate’s degree in nursing (ADN) while a four-year program results in a Bachelor of Science in nursing degree (BSN).  Most nurses prefer to attain the BSN degree because you will have better career choices and salary options.  After completing a nursing program, you will need to pass the NCLEX-RN exam to become licensed.

Substance Abuse Nurse Education Requirements, Certification, and Schooling Programs

The nurse treating patients with substance abuse problems is a specialized nurse position that requires training and experience.  The path towards becoming this type of nurse begins by getting a two or four year degree.  Choose the BSN degree with a specialization in pharmacology or substance abuse.  Be sure to focus your undergraduate studies in anatomy, chemistry, and physiology.  Once you have graduated and have successfully passed the licensing exam you should begin your work experience.

Substance abuse nurses are not currently certified through any certification agency. However, nurses in this field may wish to obtain certifications in relevant fields such as psychiatry or mental health offered through the American Nurses Credentialing Center (ANCC). Nurses in this field are mentored through the Association of Nurses in Substance Abuse (ANSA).

Also, nurses with a degree, a nursing license, and several years of work experience may choose to take a Addictions Nurse certification exam.  The exam is designed specifically for nurses who work with patients with addictions like those with substance abuse problems. Those who pass the exam are called Certified Addictions Registered Nurses (CARN).  This allows nurses better career and salary opportunities now and throughout the career.

Substance Abuse Nurse Salary and Career Outlook

Nurses who specialize in substance abuse will be in high demand in the coming years.  As with many nursing positions, the need for all types of nurses is expected to rise considerably.  The need for nurses with specific training in substance abuse will rise at an even higher level.  Substance abuse care is becoming more mainstream and with it the need for high quality nurses also increases.  The salary for this type of nurse depends greatly on the location and setting where the nurse works.  The average yearly salary may range between $45,000 and $65,000.  Those nurses working in private practices or facilities will reach the upper end of the range. 

School Nurse

School Nurse Job Description & Scope of Practice
A school nurse is one of the most important nursing jobs there is because parents put their trust in the nurse to care for anything that may happen to their child while at school.  Nurses practicing in a school are somewhat of general practitioners as their roles are multifaceted.  They deal with all types of illnesses and injuries ranging from headaches and upset stomachs, to falls and broken bones.

The nurse is also responsible for helping to ensure that students and their parents take ongoing health precautions to guard against communicable diseases and outbreaks that can occur in a school setting.  Most often the nurse is the only medical professional on site at the school and must have a wide range of knowledge and experience as well as the ability to deal well with children.

How to Become a School Nurse

In order to become a nurse at a school you must first be a registered nurse.  When choosing an educational path it is important to concentrate on general and pediatric coursework.  A public health nurse is a general nurse that will need to have a great deal of knowledge in a wide variety of medical areas.  After first attaining registered nurse status, the aspiring nurse will need to gain experience.  The best place to begin getting this experience is by taking an entry level nursing position at a hospital, pediatric doctor’s office, or a general clinic.  This will expose you to the many various types of illnesses and disorders that may affect children on a regular basis.

Nurses who practice in schools may elect to join the National Association of School Nurses (NASN).  This non-profit organization is designed to assist nursing professionals in promoting student health.

School Nurse Education Requirements, Certification, and Schooling Programs

The first step in becoming a nurse for a school is to enroll in an accredited undergraduate nursing program to attain a nursing degree.  Some nurses begin by attaining an associate nursing degree and progress to the Bachelor of Science degree in nursing.  Many students go on to attain a Master’s degree in nursing with a specialty in general or pediatric nursing.  While taking undergraduate courses you should concentrate on taking classes related to general health and to children’s health.  It is also important to take some courses that teach how to relate to children and their parents.

The National Board for Certification of School Nurses (NBCSN) endorses certification for school nurses. To be eligible, applicants should meet the preferred requirement of three years full-time experience working in an academic clinical setting or in a school. The board will consider other combinations of experience and education upon an individual basis. The four-hour exam covers subjects such as health appraisal, health problems, health promotion, special health issues and professional issues. School nurses are organized and mentored through the National Association of School Nurses (NASN). The NASN encourages voluntary certification for school nurses.

School Nurse Salary and Career Outlook

More and more schools are requiring on-site nursing professionals.  The position is required at every school including elementary, middle, and high schools across the country.  The need for nurses has been climbing and is expected to rise over the coming decades.  Students who choose a nursing career can expect a higher than average need for their career throughout their lifetimes.  Registered nurses are always in demand and there is reason to believe that the need will increase over time.  As the number of schools increases, there will also be an increase in the number of professionals necessary to attend to these students.  The salary for a nurse practicing at a school typically ranges from about $48,000 to $62,000 annually based on experience and knowledge.

Rheumatology Nurse

Rheumatology Nurse Job Description & Scope of Practice
A rheumatology nurse is a specialty nurse position that treats patients suffering from rheumatic diseases.  Some of the most common rheumatic diseases include rheumatoid arthritis, fibromyalgia, lupus, Lyme disease, myositis, and spondylitis.  It is important for these patients to receive specialized care by a nurse with an educational and working background in rheumatology.  Nurses with a specialty in rheumatology may work in hospitals, clinics, and long-term care facilities.

The nurse assists the doctor in working with patient assessment, examinations, education, and treatment.  These nurses must also be adept at dealing with patients and their families to provide education regarding their illness and its treatment.

How to Become a Rheumatology Nurse

All specialty nurses must first begin on a training path towards becoming a registered nurses.  First, it is essential to complete an accredited nursing program.  You may choose from an associate degree program or a bachelor’s degree program.  Both will provide you with the initial background necessary to become a nurse.  Once you have completed a program you must take the NCLEX-RN exam to become licensed in your state.

Those who specialize in rheumatology nursing may choose to join the Rheumatology Nurse’s Society.  This is a professional organization that is committed to educating and developing nurses in order to provide assistance to patients and their families.  These nurses may work side by side with doctors to provide high-quality care and education to rheumatic patients. Nurse practitioners may also specialize in treating patients suffering from rheumatic diseases.  Nurse practitioners typically attain an MSN degree and may work as assistants to doctors who specialize in treating rheumatology patients.

Rheumatology Nurse Education Requirements, Certification, and Schooling Programs

The first step towards becoming a nurse is to attain a Bachelor of Science degree in nursing (BSN).  When taking undergraduate nursing courses you should concentrate your electives on rheumatology and related subjects.  Once you achieve a BSN degree, you will need to gain some experience by working in the nursing field.  Choose an entry-level nursing position that will give you the most exposure to rheumatology patients by working at either a specialized clinic or a private rheumatology practice. Many nurses go on to take additional courses to attain a Master’s degree in Nursing (MSN).  The MSN degree will afford you additional opportunities and a higher salary throughout your career.

Currently, rheumatology nurses do not have their own certification. However, rheumatology nurses can obtain a Registered Nurse-Board Certified (RN-BC) through the American Nurses Credentialing Center (ANCC).

Rheumatology Nurse Salary and Career Outlook

The outlook for all types of nursing positions is a good one.  According to a recent study, nursing jobs are expected to rise by as much as 22% over the next ten years.  The need for trained and skilled nurses is going to continue to go up.  The demand for specialty nurses, such as those specializing in rheumatology, will go up at a higher rate than for other nurses.  The salary will range from $46,000 to $54,000 annually. Additionally, specialty nurses may receive competitive benefits packages.  Nurses with the most experience and education should expect to receive a salary towards the high end of the pay range.

Reproductive Nurse

Reproductive Nurse Job Description & Scope of Practice
Reproductive nurses specialize in providing care to women and couples in the area of fertility, conception, and other reproductive matters.  These nurses work with doctors to treat patients on all aspects of fertility and reproduction.  Nurses who specialize in reproduction may work in a variety of settings including fertility clinics, hospitals, obstetrics and gynecological practices, counseling programs, and egg donor centers.

They must not only have a strong educational background in the area of reproduction but must also have the ability to work with patients regarding these sensitive life issues.  Nurses will work with doctors, nurses and surgeons to assist in patient interviews and exams, provide care before and after medical or surgical procedures, and work with patients to educate them on the aspects of treatment.

How to Become a Reproductive Nurse

All nurses with this area of specialty are registered nurses.  The path begins by becoming an RN.  This is best accomplished through an accredited nursing program to attain a Bachelor of Science in nursing degree (BSN).  After gaining some work experience as a nurse, you may opt to become a certified nurse with a specialty in reproduction.  This specialty designation is achieved through the National Certification Corporation.  You can choose between various areas of specialty in the reproductive health area such as obstetrics or gynecology.  This certification program provides accreditation through the National Organization for Competency Assurance (NOCA).  Nurses must pass an exam to attain certification.

Reproductive Nurse Education Requirements, Certification, and Schooling Programs

The aspiring nurse must begin with a strong nursing educational program.  The best program to consider is the 4-year Bachelor of Science in nursing degree. When taking undergraduate courses you should be sure to take your electives in the area of fertility and reproduction.  You can choose a specialty area within the reproduction nursing position if you prefer.  Once you get your BSN degree you will be able to pass the NCLEX-RN exam.  This exam allows you to work as a registered nurse.  Some nurses choose to extend their education by going to graduate school to get a Master’s degree in nursing.  This degree will help you achieve a better job and a higher salary throughout your career.  Choose a master’s degree nursing program with a specialty in reproductive health, fertility, or neonatal care. Nurses who practice in this area of medicine must keep up on the latest medical advances by taking continuing education courses and seminars throughout their careers.

Although a reproductive-nurse certification is not available, nurses working in the field may obtain certifications in other related areas such as gynecology and obstetrics through the American Nurses Credentialing Center (ANCC).

Reproductive Nurse Salary and Career Outlook

The area of reproductive health is continuing to grow at a very fast pace.  As reproductive technology advances so does the need for qualified health professionals with a specialty in reproductive care.  Nurses are expected to be in high demand in the coming years.  Because this is a specialized area of nursing, those nurses with a high level of education in reproductive health and experience working in the field can expect to achieve the highest salaries.  Those nurses specializing in reproductive health can expect an annual salary of between $52,000 and $65,000.  The salary will depend on the nurse’s education, experience, and location.   

Rehabilitation Nurse

Rehabilitation Nurse Job Description & Scope of Practice
The rehabilitation nurse assists patients who are undergoing physical rehabilitation after serious injuries, illnesses, and surgeries.  Rehab nurses help patients and their families learn how to deal with their physical limitations.  These nursing positions are very demanding both physically and mentally since you’ll be working with many patients who have long-term or chronic illnesses.

Physical rehabilitation begins very quickly after surgery or injury to help patients heal as fast as possible.  Nurses in this field work closely with the doctor or surgeon to assess a patient’s needs and develop a recovery plan.  The rehab nurse is a very rewarding job as it helps patients reach their physical goals.

How to Become a Rehabilitation Nurse

Nurses who want to specialize in the area of rehabilitation patient care must first become registered nurses.  This is best accomplished by achieving an Associate’s Degree in Nursing (ADN) or a Bachelor of Science degree in nursing (BSN).  The position requires a strong balance between education and experience.  Some hospitals and rehabilitation centers offer on-the-job training that can be combined with your education to improve your opportunities.  It is helpful to enroll in a nursing program that specializes in rehabilitation nursing.  Take a nursing position at a rehabilitation facility or hospital to get some experience working in the rehabilitation department.  Nurses may join the Association of Rehabilitation Nurses (ARN).  This group provides information, support, and education to members who are certified in the area of rehabilitation.  ARN has chapters across the country as well as an online presence.

Rehabilitation Nurse Education Requirements, Certification, and Schooling Programs

Rehab nurses may graduate from specialty or two-year programs with a focus on rehabilitation or may graduate from a 4-year program to attain a Bachelor of Science in nursing (BSN).  Students should take courses with an emphasis on rehabilitation and physical therapy.  There are many facets to being a specialty nurse.  During your undergraduate studies it is helpful to take courses in rehabilitation science to learn as much as possible about the different areas of patient rehabilitation that you may choose to concentrate on.  Once you have graduated from a nursing program you will need to become a licensed nurse by passing the NCLEX-RN exam.  After gaining some experience working as a nurse, you may choose to take the exam to become a Certified Rehabilitation Registered Nurse (CRRN).

Rehabilitation nurses are certified through the Association of Rehabilitation Nurses (ARN) via the Rehabilitation Nursing Certification Board (RNCB). After meeting certain requirements and passing a certification test, only then can you receive and use the CRRN credential. Qualifications include two years experience working as a nurse in rehabilitation or one year experience coupled with a year of advanced study in rehabilitation nursing. The exam covers topics such as models and theories, functional health patterns, assessments, assessing activity tolerance and anatomy among others. Nurses do not have to be certified to work as a rehabilitation nurse, but certification validates knowledge and skills.

Rehabilitation Nurse Salary and Career Outlook

The outlook for all types of nurses is expected to increase in the coming years.  As with other types of nursing positions, the medical profession will be expanding and the need for nurses of all types will be expanding with it.  The need for CRRNs will likely increase at a faster rate than the need for general nursing positions will.  The expected yearly salary for a qualified nurse ranges from $60,000 to $72,000.  Those nurses with special certifications and extended education and experience will likely achieve an even higher salary.  The salary expectations depend on the size of the hospital or facility where the nurse is working.

Radiology Nurse

Radiology Nurse Job Description & Scope of Practice
The radiology nurse cares for patients who are undergoing radiology treatment.  Radiology is a medical treatment involving imaging and includes ultrasound, magnetic resonance and radiation oncology.  Nurses who specialize in radiology must maintain their technical expertise on the latest tools and treatments for patients in this field.

Nurses must also be able to explain how the technology works to patients before they undergo a procedure.  These nurses assist radiologists by preparing patients for treatments such as X-ray Computed Tomography (CAT) scans and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) tests.  They also assist doctors by tending to a patient’s needs before, during, and after such procedures  They also assist doctors in reviewing and analyzing test results and in educating patients on the results.

How to Become a Radiology Nurse

A radiologic nurse is a specialized nursing position that requires you to first become a registered nurse (RN).  This type of nursing career will require you to have an expertise in radiology technology and you must stay abreast of the latest equipment used.  Nurses specializing in radiology must graduate from an accredited program and receive a nursing degree, Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN).  Once you graduate with a BSN degree you must pass the NCLEX-RN exam to become a licensed nurse.  Many nurses who want to specialize in radiology take special courses in their undergraduate work that provide them with education in the field.

Nurses working in the field should continue their education process by taking ongoing classes to learn the latest technology and how it works.  nurses may also choose to join the Association for Radiologic & Imaging Nursing (ARIN).  This association provides assistance and promotes the knowledge of radiologic nurses across the country.  The group has various regional chapters that operate in the U.S.

Radiology Nurse Education Requirements, Certification, and Schooling Programs

In order to specialize in the field of radiology you must first become a registered nurse.  The best program to complete is the Bachelor of Science degree in Nursing.  Upon completion of the program the graduate will be able to pass the NCLEX-RN exam to become licensed.  During your undergraduate work you should be sure to concentrate on taking classes that deal with radiology and imaging.  After achieving the BSN, nurses may take a special exam to qualify them as a Certified Radiology Nurse (CRN).  Many graduates go on to get their Master’s degree in nursing (MSN).  The aspiring radiologic nurse should look for a nursing position at a hospital or facility where they can work closely with the radiologist and doctor to gain experience in this area.

The Association for Radiologic and Imaging Nursing (ARIN) bestows the Certified Radiology Nurse (CRN) credential on qualified nurses through the Radiologic Nursing Certification Board (RNCB). In order to sit for the exam, applicants must have at least two years or 2,000 hours experience working as a radiology nurse within the three years prior to the exam. Applicants must also have completed 30 hours of continuing education with 15 of those hours spent in radiologic classes. The exam covers multiple topics and consists of 200 multiple-choice questions. Four hours are allotted to take the exam. Certification is not required, but it is highly sought by employers.

Radiology Nurse Salary and Career Outlook

The nurse with a focus on radiology patient care is a specialty position that is in high demand.  As with other nursing positions, the need for specialty nurses is expected to continue to grow over the coming decades.  As more people reach the senior years, the need for nurses and medical professionals of all types will grow greatly.  The rate of growth for nurses who specialize in radiology will likely grow at a higher rate than other types of non-specialty nursing positions.  This nursing position can expect a salary of between $48,000 and $75,000 per year.  Those with the most experience as well as those with a CRN or MSN degree will be at the higher end of the scale.

Pulmonary Care Nurse

Pulmonary Care Nurse Job Description & Scope of Practice
A pulmonary care nurse is also known as a respiratory nurse.  The respiratory nurse is a specialty nurse who cares for patients who suffer from lung or respiratory diseases.  Pulmonary care is a particularly demanding area of health because of the importance of the lungs and respiratory system in the health of a patient.  Nurses who specialize in pulmonary care take care of patients who suffer from respiratory problems including asthma, tuberculosis, and cystic fibrosis.

Patients may suffer from a number of other illnesses that affect the respiratory system.

Respiratory nurses work and have roles with patients in a number of settings including hospitals, clinics, rehabilitation facilities, long-term care facilities, and in homes.  The nurse works with the doctor to assist patients with their examination, education about the illness, medication, and rehabilitation.  Nurses assist patients and their families when dealing with life-threatening illnesses such as lung cancer or emphysema.

How to Become a Pulmonary Care Nurse

Specialty nurses must first become registered nurses (RN).  The first step in the path towards becoming a respiratory nurse is to attain a Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN) degree.  Once this is attained, the aspiring nurse should take a nursing position in the pulmonary care field, either in a public or private setting.  The nurse should gain some experience in the field of pulmonary care by working side-by-side with an experienced pulmonary care doctor and nurse.  Nurses must pass the NCLEX-RN exam to become licensed to practice nursing.   Hands-on experience is very important in attaining the necessary skills needed to work in the pulmonary care field.

Pulmonary Care Nurse Education Requirements, Certification, and Schooling Programs

A nurse who wants to specialize in respiratory care must begin with education towards a Bachelor of Science degree in nursing.  Nurses who are particularly interested in pursuing a career in respiratory care should take undergraduate courses that are specifically designed to provide training in the area of pulmonary diseases and care.  After attaining a BSN, nurses should seek job experience by working in a respiratory care facility or hospital.  Once you have attained some practical experience, you may choose to return to school to get a Master’s Degree in nursing (MSN).  You can choose your area of specialty to provide you with the specific training you need to offer patients high-quality pulmonary care.  Nurses with an MSN degree generally expect to receive an average of $15,000 to $20,000 more annually.

Currently, there is no certification for pulmonary-care nurses. However, nurses working in pulmonary care can become certified in other areas pertaining to their field like Certified Pulmonary Function Technician (CPFT).

Pulmonary Nurse Salary and Career Outlook

Nurses and other healthcare professionals are in high demand and will continue to be in demand for the next decade.  Pulmonary care is a highly specialized nursing area so you can expect an annual salary of between $55,000 and $75,000.  The salary will depend on your nursing credentials, education, and the location and setting where you work.  Those with advanced degrees (MSN) will achieve a salary on the upper end of the range. Specialty areas of nursing are likely going to be in much higher demand than general nurses. 

Psychiatric Nurse

Psychiatric Nurse Job Description & Scope of Practice
A psychiatric nurse is also called a psychiatric mental health nurse or PMHN for short.  The mental health nurse is a nurse who specializes in treating patients with psychiatric disorders.  This nursing specialty position commonly deals with all types of mental illness including such things as depression, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia.

The nurse may work in a clinic or hospital setting or in a private practice.  The area of psychiatric nursing is one of the most challenging of all the specialty nursing segments, yet may also be one of the most rewarding. Roles include:

• Attends to patients being treated for psychiatric disorders
• Assists patients in learning about mental health
• Works with patients and their families to better understand home care
• Administers medication
• Helps diagnose and assess mental illness

How to Become a Psychiatric Nurse

A psychiatric mental health nurse is a position that requires a great deal of compassion, patience, and experience.  The position combines the medical experience of an RN with the background of mental health.  This can be a difficult nursing position for those who are not properly prepared.  A PMHN should pursue a background education in psychiatry in order to be best prepared for this career.

The career path for a mental health nurse usually begins with an entry level nursing position at a hospital, clinic, or psychiatric care center.  As your experience grows, so will your opportunities. Another way to further your career in this field is to take additional courses in the area of psychiatry and mental health. Some nurses choose to go on to attain a Master’s or Doctorate degree.

Psychiatric Nurse Education Requirements

A PMHN must begin with a proper education.  The first step is to graduate from a university with a Bachelor’s Degree in Nursing, BSN.  After graduation, the aspiring nurse should take the NCLEX-RN exam to become certified and achieve the status of registered nurse (RN).  Additionally, the mental health nurse may want to advance their career by joining the American Psychiatric Nurses Association (APNA).  Nurses may also want to become an Advanced Practice Registered Nurse (APRN), an advanced nurse that requires additional education and certification.  These additional certifications will certainly increase the nurse’s future salary and improve career choices.

Psychiatric Nurse Salary and Career Outlook

There is a continuing increase in the need for nurses in the field of mental health.  As with other health care professionals, there is expected to be a substantial increase in the need for nurses over the next decade.  Because this is a demanding field, fewer nurses pursue this career, making the demand for PMHN even higher. As the population continues to live longer, there are more elderly patients that need attention.

The salary range for this nursing position may range greatly depending on location, employer, education, and experience.  An entry level nurse may expect to earn $40,000 per year, while an experienced nurse with an advanced degree may have a yearly salary of $62,000 or more. 

Plastic Surgery Nurse

Plastic Surgery Nurse Job Description & Scope of Practice
A plastic surgery nurse is a registered nurse who specializes in working with plastic surgery patients.  They provide treatment to patients throughout the plastic surgery process including pre-care, surgical assistance, and post-operative care.  Surgical nurses work with doctors and surgeons to provide high quality care to patients receiving surgery.

Some of the important job duties and roles of the surgical nurse include:

• Explain plastic surgery procedures to patients
• Prepare the surgical room and instruments
• Assist the surgeon during the procedure
• Help patients through recovery after surgery
• Educate patients on aftercare
• Work with patients during office visits

How to Become a Plastic Surgery Nurse

Plastic surgery nursing is a specialty nursing segment for highly skilled nurses.  Surgical nurses may need to attend patients before, during, and after surgical procedures. The position requires that you first become a licensed nurse.  You may take the NCLEX-RN exam after graduating from a nursing program at a university.  Passing the exam allows you to practice nursing, earning you the title of registered nurse (RN).  These credentials must be renewed throughout your career.

Those who are interested in becoming surgical nurses should have an interest in caring for patients throughout the surgery process.  You will need to have excellent communication skills and be able to assist patients and answer their questions.  You must also be able to ensure their health and safety while they are having a surgical procedure performed.

Plastic Surgery Nurse Education Requirements, Certification, and Schooling Programs

In order to become a surgical nurse you must earn a Bachelor of Science degree in nursing (BSN).  You should also take undergraduate courses that focus on surgical skills and anatomy.  Many nurses choose to continue their education by attaining a graduate or doctorate degree.  This will enhance job opportunities and salary options in the future.  A surgical nurse choosing to specialize in plastic surgery performs all the same functions as any other surgical nurse with the sole focus on patients who are receiving plastic surgery.

Nurses may choose to join the American Society of Plastic Surgical Nurses (ASPSN).  This organization is dedicated to the promotion, education, research, practice excellence and leadership of nurses with a specialization in plastic surgery.  ASPSN  offers the Certified Plastic Surgical Nurse (CPSN) credential to qualified individuals through the Plastic Surgical Nursing Certification Board (PSNCB). In order to sit for the exam, applicants must have a minimum of two years experience in plastic surgery within the five years prior to the test. The ASPSN offers preparatory courses to help applicants prepare for the exam. Plastic-surgery nurses are not required to become certified, but certification is preferred by employers.

Plastic Surgery Nurse Salary and Career Outlook

The area of plastic surgery is increasing by leaps and bounds.  Plastic surgery is becoming more accessible to everyone; therefore, the demand for these procedures is quite high.  The outlook for nurses is expected to keep rising over the next two decades.  Many surgical nurses earn more than $75,000 per year.  Some are paid hourly and others also earn commission.

The need for nurses with a specialization in plastic surgery is expected to continue to rise substantially over the next decade. Technological advances have improved plastic surgery and have made it accessible for people of all ages and income levels.  There will be an increased need for high quality patient care before, during, and after plastic surgery procedures.

Perinatal Nurse Practitioner

Perinatal Nurse Practitioner Job Description & Scope of Practice
The perinatal period is the time surrounding the pregnancy, birth, and first weeks of life.  A perinatal nurse practitioner cares for patients during their pregnancies.  This specialty nursing position works with women to help ensure a smooth pregnancy and delivery.

These nurses also offer support to the patient and family during delivery and after the baby is born. Perinatal nurses perform some of these important roles and job duties:

• Educates women about childbirth techniques
• Assists women with prenatal health issues
• Works with high-risk patients
• Treats patients throughout their pregnancies
• Assists in the delivery room
• Provides support to women and their families through labor and childbirth
• Helps new mothers learn to care for their infants
• Offers postpartum support

Nurse practitioners may practice alone or may be part of a clinic or hospital.  They assist patients and their families as they transition through pregnancy, supporting both the physical and emotional needs of the patient.

How to Become a Perinatal Nurse Practitioner

A perinatal NP is a nursing position that requires education, training, and experience in the nursing profession.  A perinatal nurse must have a nursing degree and must be a licensed nurse.  Once attaining a nursing degree, the aspiring nurse practitioner must pass the NCLEX-RN exam.  Entry-level perinatal nurse positions include working within a hospital or clinic setting as well as in private practice.  After a nurse gains several or more years of experience in the field it is advisable to further attain a Master’s degree in Nursing with a specialty in perinatal care.

Perinatal Nurse Practitioner Education Requirements, Certification, and Schooling Programs

Nurse practitioners must be credentialed nurses with at least a Bachelor of Science degree in nursing (BSN).  Many NPS also pursue an advanced degrees such as a Master’s degree in nursing.  The aspiring NP wishing to work in perinatal care should focus their educational classes on the area of pregnancy and prenatal care.

Choose a Master’s program that focuses on advanced perinatal nursing.  This coursework is specific to the perinatal NP or perinatal clinical nurse.

• Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN)
• Master of Science in Nursing (MSN)

One of the programs to consider for the MSN is the Perinatal Nurse Specialist.  This program focuses on caring for women and families in a variety of healthcare settings.  The coursework helps to develop the skills necessary to become a perinatal nurse.

The National Certification Corporation (NCC) awards the Neonatal Nurse Practitioner-Board Certified (NNP-BC) to applicants who meet eligibility requirements and pass a certification exam. To be eligible, candidates must have a master’s, post-master or doctoral degree earned from a nurse-practitioner program after the year 2005. The multiple-choice exam covers several topics including perinatal and neonatal assessment, general management, pharmacology, diseases and professional issues. Perinatal nurse practitioners are encouraged to seek certification by the National Association of Neonatal Nurse Practitioners (NANNP).

Perinatal Nurse Practitioner Salary and Career Outlook

The need for specialized nursing positions is expected to increase in the next decade.  The nurse practitioner provides unique care throughout the pregnancy process.  Nurses and NPs may work through a hospital or clinic or may be self-employed.  Skilled and experienced perinatal nursing specialists are in high demand.  The salary for this type of nurse will vary based on experience, education and location.  In general, a perinatal nurse may expect to receive a salary between $52,000 and $65,000 annually.  Nurses with more experience and education may receive a salary of up to $81,000 per year.

Nurse practitioners may practice alone or may be part of a clinic or hospital medical technician.  They assist patients and their families as they transition through pregnancy, supporting both the physical and emotional needs of the patient.

Perianesthesia Nurse

Perianesthesia Nurse Job Description & Scope of Practice
A perianesthesia nurse is also called a recovery room nurse.  The recovery room nurse position is designed to provide care for patients who are recovering from surgery.  These nurses are responsible for supporting patients as they awaken from anesthesia after having surgery.

These nurses help patients transition out of surgery. Most often, this type of nurse is part of a critical care or after care unit in a hospital or they may be part of any surgical or recovery team.  Some of the important duties, roles and responsibilities of the recovery room nurse include:

• Prepare patients for surgery
• Inform patients about the anesthesia and what to expect after surgery
• Ensure patients awaken properly from anesthesia
• Help patients transition from surgery
• Care for patients with adverse reactions to anesthesia
• Support patients throughout the process of awakening from surgery

How to Become a Perianesthesia Nurse

The first step towards becoming a recovery room nurse is to become a registered nurse.  You must complete a BSN (Bachelor of Science in Nursing Degree) and take the NCLEX-RN exam to become a registered nurse (RN).  During your education it is a good idea to take classes that relate to anesthesia and pharmaceuticals.  This will help you prepare for working with anesthesia.  Once you have earned a degree it is best to gain some experience working in a hospital or surgical setting.  If you have an aptitude for medicine and understand how medications work in the body, you can apply this knowledge to your career as a nurse working in the recovery room.

Perianesthesia Nurse Education Requirements, Certification, and Schooling Programs

Recovery room nurses must first be licensed as registered nurses (RN).  The aspiring nurse must complete undergraduate studies and earn a Bachelor of Science in nursing degree (BSN).  Many nurses choose to continue their education by earning a Master’s degree or Doctorate degree, which will help improve their salary potentials.  Upon completing their degree, many nurses gain experience in the field by working at a hospital or clinic.

Nurses may also choose to join the American Society of PeriAnesthesia Nurses (ASPAN).  This group is designed to provide ongoing support and education to qualified nurses.  Additionally, nurses may choose to become certified.
The American Board of Perianesthesia Nursing Certification (ABPANC) certifies anesthesia nurses in two categories including Certified Post Anesthesia Nurse (CPAN) and Certified Ambulatory Perianesthesia Nurse (CAPA). In addition to taking a three-hour exam consisting of 175 multiple-choice questions based on topics such as physiological needs, behavioral/cognitive needs, safety needs and advocacy needs applicants must prove eligibility. Eligibility requirements include 1,800 hours of perianesthesia experience. Certification is not required, but it is recommended by the American Society of PeriAnesthesia Nurses (ASPAN). These certifications will make your skills more valuable in the workplace.

Perianesthesia Nurse Salary and Career Outlook

The health care field is growing rapidly.  Many more nurses will be needed in the coming years.  Nurses with specialties such as recovery room nurses will be in high demand in the next decades. People will be living longer and will need surgical procedures as they age.  Surgeons, surgical nurses, and recovery room nurses will continue to be highly necessary members of the medical team.

The salary for this specialty nursing position ranges from $52,000 to $65,000 annually.  Nurses with extensive education and experience will generally reach the highest pay levels.  The salary that a recovery room nurse receives will vary based on the type and size of the clinic or hospital where they are employed. 

Pediatric Endocrinology Nurse

Pediatric Endocrinology Nurse Job Description & Scope of Practice
A pediatric endocrinology nurse treats children with disorders of the endocrine system, such as diabetes.  The nurse assists both children and their parents learn how to manage the effects of their disease.

A nurse who specializes in pediatric endocrinology assists the doctor in conducting patient exams and patient evaluations as well as providing treatment and educating parents and children being treated.

Some of the most important job duties and roles of this nursing position include:

• Educating children and their families on managing their disease
• Conducting routine medical examinations
• Assisting with patient testing and evaluation
• Providing information to patients and parents about medications
• Acting as a liaison between the doctor and the patient’s family

Nurses may work in a hospital or clinic, or as part of a private practice.  Some nurses may pursue a research position, to assist in the technological advances of treating pediatric endocrinology disorders.

How to Become a Pediatric Endocrinology Nurse

This specialty nursing position is an ideal career for a nurse who wants to find an important medical specialty field and who also likes working with children and their families.  The position begins with proper education and experience.  The first step is to earn a BSN, Bachelor of Science Nursing degree.  It is helpful to include specialized endocrinology coursework.  You must then become a licensed nurse by taking the NCLEX-RN exam.  Then you will be prepared to begin working in the nursing profession.

Nurses who wish to pursue working in an area of specialty, such as pediatric endocrinology, will need to practice as a general RN for several or more years to gather experience.  It is best to gain experience by working in a pediatric practice or in a children’s ward.  Additionally, it is useful to work in the area of endocrinology as well as to take some advanced courses in the subject to improve your area of expertise.

Pediatric Endocrinology Nurse Education Requirements, Certification, and Schooling Programs

Those striving to work in pediatric endocrinology will need to begin with a strong nursing undergraduate program and receive a Bachelor’s of Science degree in nursing (BSN)  It is recommended that the nursing candidate begin taking specialized courses in pediatric nursing and endocrinology as soon as possible. Many nurses will first get some practical experience before continuing their education.

Nursing students may wish to pursue an advanced degree such as a Master’s degree.  The concentration should be in the area of pediatrics or endocrinology.  Pediatric endocrinology nurses are not currently certified. However, many nurses in the field choose to become certified in another area such as pediatric nursing. The Pediatric Nursing Certification Board (PNCB) certifies pediatric nurses who meet qualifications and pass a certification exam. Successful applicants receive the Certified Pediatric Nurse (CPN) credential. Qualifications include 1,800 hours of pediatric clinical experience working as a Registered Nurse (RN) within two years prior to the exam. The exam covers multiple topics in the following disciplines: respiratory health, gastrointestinal health, infection disease, emergencies, oncology and mental health among others. Certification is voluntary, but it is highly recommended by the Society of Pediatric Nurses (SPN).

Pediatric endocrinology nurses may choose to join the Pediatric Endocrinology Nursing Society (PENS), a non-profit organization specializing in the advancement of pediatric endocrinology nursing.

​​​Pediatric Endocrinology Nurse Salary and Career Outlook

This is a highly specialized area of nursing.  All nursing positions, especially those requiring special education and training, are expected to grow in the coming years.  The area of endocrinology in particular is growing rapidly.  A nurse with a specialization in pediatric endocrinology will be in high demand in the coming years. The salary for a nurse with this area of expertise ranges from $65,000 to $82,000.  The more education and experience the nurse has, the higher the salary is likely to be.

Patient Care Technician

Patient Care Technician Job Description & Scope of Practice
A patient care technician (PCT) takes care of patients as they receive health care.  The PCT is not a nurse but does work alongside doctors, nurses, and nurse practitioners.

A (PCT) interfaces with patients in all areas of care including:

• Assisting patients with general tasks (eating, bathing, personal care)
• Takes care of immediate patient’s needs
• Assists with wound treatment
• Helps assess and plan patient care
• Assists with a patient’s nutritional needs
• Helps patients with mobility
• Assists doctors and nurses with patient care
• Performs miscellaneous functions

How to Become a Patient Care Technician

This position does not require a nursing degree; however, the PCT should have graduated from a PCT program through an educational center or college.  Those who work in this area of expertise may work in one of many settings including a hospital, clinic, rehabilitation center, hospice, long-term care facility, cancer clinic, or retirement facility.  A PCT should have good interpersonal skills because they will be working directly with patients on a daily basis.

Many of those who take specialty care programs may want to take the Certified Nursing Assistant exam upon completion of the educational program to become a CNA.  The CNA certification will provide the PCT with the credentials that will create future job opportunities.  Some medical facilities or clinics prefer to hire applicants with the CAN certificate.  This position may be considered a stepping stone while pursuing a nursing degree.

Patient Care Technician Education Requirements, Certification, and Schooling Programs

A technician will need to have a high school diploma, or equivalent, and complete specialized training for PCT.  Students should graduate from an accredited program that offers a combination of classroom lectures and laboratory facilities.  Many programs also provide externships where students can complete their studies in a real working environment.  Some of these programs are offered through local technical schools and can be completed in less than two years.

Choose a program that offers both classroom and practical training to get a well-rounded education.  Programs may also offer externships where students will receive classroom credit while working off campus at a medical facility.  Additionally, some of these programs offer flexible class schedules so that you can work while attending classes. Some courses provide specialized training in a particular area of medicine.

The National Healthcareer Association (NHA) offers the following certifications for patient-care technicians: Certified Patient Care Technician (CPCT), Certified Patient Care Associate (CPCA) and Certified Nurse Technician (CNT). In order to sit for the exam, applicants must have sufficient training or one year experience as a nurse technician. The exam takes three hours and 30 minutes to complete and consists of 200 questions. Although certification is voluntary, employers increasingly look to hire certified individuals.

Patient Care Technician Salary and Career Outlook

The need for all types of medical professionals is expected to increase through the coming decades.  The technician is a necessary part of every medical facility and hospital.  The employment outlook for this entry level position will certainly increase as the number of patients that need medical assistance increases.

A PCT with a CNA designation should expect to earn $20 to $35 per hour.  In general, the technicians with the most experience will be able to reach higher salaries. Most of these positions are hourly employees while some may be salaried.  The position may require flexible hours and you may expect some overtime.

Parish Nurse

Parish Nurse Job Description & Scope of Practice
Parish nursing is a specialized nursing position that is performed within a parish or faith community.  The parish nurse performs all the typical duties of a general registered nurse along with some additional responsibilities.  The parish nurse helps patients achieve a balanced lifestyle, often providing holistic health care.

A parish nurse is also sometimes called a faith community nurse.  Parish nurses may work in a particular parish setting or may be part of a local community health center.

The parish nurse promotes good health within the values and beliefs of the local faith community.  Parish nurses perform many duties including:

• Educates parishioners about various health issues
• Acts as a liaison between the church and the community
• Teaches through groups and volunteer organizations
• Offers holistic healing of the mind, body, and spirit
• Advocates and provides resources for those in need

How to Become a Parish Nurse

Parish nurses are first and foremost registered nurses.  To become a registered nurse you must complete a university nursing program and receive a Bachelor of Science Nursing Degree, BSN.  Upon completion of the program, nurses must pass the NCLEX-RN exam to become a registered nurse. Then, nurses will need to acquire plenty of experience in the nursing field by working in a hospital, clinic, or other health care facility.  Parish nurses are typically general nurses so it is essential to gather plenty of experience working with all types of illnesses and injuries.

Parish Nurse Education Requirements, Certification, and Schooling Programs

Those wishing to go become parish nurses must first complete a nursing program through an accredited university.  Aspiring nurses must earn a Bachelor of Science Nursing degree (BSN).  It is helpful to take some courses that focus on faith and counseling in order to add to the skills necessary to become a parish nurse.  Some students may consider choosing a faith-based university to complete their studies.  Parish nurses must learn how to successfully combine faith and medicine.  Students may choose to take curriculum that has been developed specifically for nurses through the International Parish Nurse Resource Center (IPNRC).  After earning a BSN degree, nurses must take the NCLEX-RN exam to become registered.

Parish nurses or Faith Community Nurses (FCN) are not formally certified by any agency at the current time. However, faith-based committees are working with the American Nurses Association (ANA) and the American Nurses’ Credentialing Center (ANCC) to establish credentialing criteria for this field.

Parish Nursing Salary and Career Outlook

A parish nurse is part of the registered nursing community.  The nursing profession is a growing field and is expected to keep growing.  The health care industry is in continued need of high quality nursing professionals and this includes the parish nurse.  It is important to know that not all churches or parishes employ a nursing staff and when they do it is typically a single nurse position.  Even so, those who are interested in combining their faith with health care, the parish nurse position is a good fit.

Some nurses work part time or on a volunteer basis in a parish. Some churches do not have a budget that includes payment for a full time nurse.  This specialty nurse can expect a lower than average salary for this health care position.  A typical salary for this type of position may be less than $52,000 per year. 

Pain Management Nurse

Pain Management Nurse Job Description & Scope of Practice
A pain management nurse is a nurse who specializes in assessing, treating, and monitoring patient’s pain.  This highly specialized nursing position is responsible for assessing the level of discomfort a patient is experiencing.  Then, the nurse helps to determine the source and reason for the pain.  Pain management nursing is a complex medical field that requires a high level of training and experience.

Nurses work with patients who have acute or chronic pain due to various causes.  The nurse must be able to properly assess the patient’s need for pain relief and works with other medical professionals, including doctors, to administer the proper pain medication for each patient.  Nurses work side-by-side with doctors to assess a patient’s medication requirements and pain thresholds.

How to Become a Pain Management Nurse

The first step towards becoming a nurse with a specialty in pain management is to earn a Bachelor of Science degree in nursing (BSN).  After attaining the BSN degree, nurses must pass the NCLEX-RN exam to become registered or certified.  It is extremely helpful for a specialty nurse to earn a Master’s or Doctorate degree.  Those who wish to improve their careers will also become certified through the American Nurses Credentialing Center.  Applicants must meet the eligibility requirements and must pass a certification test.

Additionally, a nurses may choose to join the American Society for Pain Management Nurses (ASPMN).  These nurses may work in a variety of places including hospitals, surgical centers, clinics, emergency rooms, rehabilitation centers, outpatient services, and private practices.

Pain Management Nurse Education Requirements, Certification, and Schooling Programs

Nurses who have a specialty in caring for patients in pain are very specialized nurses.  This type of nurse starts the education process by attaining a BSN degree.  Be sure to include specific coursework that focuses on pharmacology and anesthesia.  These areas will help you to better understand the pain management requirements of patients in various settings.  Pain management applies to all types of patients including patients of varying ages ranging from infancy to the elderly.

Nurses will need to take an entry level nursing position that will provide plenty of opportunity to learn the area of pain management for patients.  Experience is necessary before entering an advanced degree program to earn a Master’s or Doctorate degree.

The American Society for Pain Management Nursing (ASPMN) recommends credentialing through the American Nurses Credentialing Center (ANCC) for pain-management nurses. Nurses who meet eligibility requirements and pass an examination are awarded the Registered Nurse-Board Certified (RN-BC) credential. Qualified individuals have practiced for two years as an RN, possess 2,000 hours pain-management experience and are up to date in regards to continuing education hours with 15 of those hours spent in pain-management classes. The exam consists of 150 multiple-choice questions on the topics of foundation of pain, pain assessment and reassessment, interventions and patient education. Certification validates knowledge and skills in the pain-management field, but it is not mandatory.

Pain Management Nurse Salary and Career Outlook

The salary for those who work in specialized areas of medicine such as pain management can expect a salary higher than that of a general nurse.  The typical salary range is from $55,000 to $75,000.  Those with the best qualifications and the most experience in pain management will receive the highest salaries.

The outlook for all medical professionals is expected to be quite good in the coming years.  More and more nurses are needed to care for patients as more people are joining the ranks of senior citizens.  The need for a nurses who specialize in pain management will continue to rise and they will be necessary in many different medical care facilities. 

Otorhinolaryngology Nurse

Otorhinolaryngology Nurse Job Description & Scope of Practice
An otorhinolaryngology nurse is also known as an ear, nose and throat nurse, or ENT nurse.  An ENT nurse treats patients who have head or neck injuries or disorders.  Many of the disorders are related to the ear, nose, and throat, and include such things as thyroid problems, tonsillitis, allergies, sinus problems, ruptured eardrums, and deformities that affect the head such as a cleft palette.

Ear, nose and throat nurses perform many varied duties including:

• Patient diagnosis and assessment
• Perform physical examinations
• Assist with specialized treatments
• Educate patients and their families
• Provide assistance to the doctor or surgeon
• Communicate with patients about their diagnosis

How to Become an Otorhinolaryngology Nurse

In order to become an ear, nose, and throat nurse you must first take a certification test to become a registered nurse.  The NCLEX-RN exam enables nurses to become registered (RN).  After completion of your education and after successfully becoming licensed the nurse must gain several years of nursing experience, preferably in the area of otorhinolaryngology.  It is advisable to work in the otorhinolaryngology department of the hospital or clinic, or for a private ENT doctor.

After gaining several years of nursing experience the aspiring ENT nurse may decide to pursue a Master’s degree in nursing.  This will improve the salary and employment options for the future.  The nurse specializing in otorhinolaryngology may also choose to become certified through the National Certifying Board for Otorhinolaryngology.  Applicants must fulfill eligibility requirements and must also pass a certification exam.

Otorhinolaryngology Nurse Education Requirements, Certification, and Schooling Programs

The nurse specializing in ear, nose, and throat medicine must attain a Bachelor of Science in Nursing, BSN degree.  Choose an educational program that concentrates on the study of the ear, nose and throat.  Some of the areas of study should be focused on the areas of otology, audiology, laryngology, and rhinology.  Additionally, the student should take courses in clinical nursing.  In addition to a BSN degree, students may decide to further their education by attaining a Master’s Degree in Nursing (MSN) or a doctorate degree.  The emphasis of study should be related to otorhinolaryngology.  In general, the higher the level of education achieved, the higher the expected salary will be.  Nursing students should spend some time practicing nursing before going on to achieve an advanced degree.

The National Certifying Board for Otorhinolaryngology and Head-Neck Nurses (NCBOHN) offers the CORLN credential (Certified Otorhinolaryngology Nurse) to eligible applicants who pass the certification exam. Eligibility requirements include three years experience working in the field of Otorhinolaryngology. The exam, consisting of 250 multiple-choice questions, takes four hours to complete. The questions are written, reviewed and approved by experts in the field. While certification is not mandatory, many hospitals seek to hire certified individuals so it is highly recommended by the Society of Otorhinolaryngology and Head-Neck Nurses (SOHN).

Otorhinolaryngology Nurse Salary and Career Outlook

The need for ENT nurses, as with other types of nurses, is expected to grow substantially over the next decade or more.  People are living longer and so the need for high quality health care is on the rise.  Nurses with a specialization are in the highest demand. Nurses who specialize in otorhinolaryngology may work in a wide variety of settings including hospitals, clinics, cancer centers, allergy clinics, plastic surgery centers, specialty clinics, and private practices.

An ENT nurse may expect to earn between $51,000 and $65,000 annually based on education, experience, and knowledge.  Those nurses with the most experience and with a strong educational background in otorhinolaryngology will certainly exceed these salary estimates. 

Orthopedic Nurse

Orthopedic Nurse Job Description & Scope of Practice
Orthopedic nurses take care of patients suffering from musculoskeletal disorders.  Some of the most common types of illnesses and injuries include arthritis, bone fractures, joint replacements, osteoporosis, diabetes, and broken bones.  Nurses who specialize in orthopedics may work in a various roles in a wide range of environments including orthopedic units in hospitals, clinics, emergency rooms, operating rooms, trauma centers, rehabilitation centers, home health agencies, and private orthopedic practices.

Nurses working in orthopedics help patients by performing the following job duties:

• Evaluate patient’s conditions
• Assist doctors with patient examination and care
• Prepare patients for surgery
• Educating patients regarding treatments
• Assist during surgery
• Care for patients before and after surgery
• Teach patients and their family members proper home care
• Assist with patient mobility

How to Become an Orthopedic Nurse

Nurses with a specialization in orthopedics work with a wide range of patients and must be highly trained.  Those interested in specializing in this area of medicine must first start by becoming a registered nurse, RN.  You must pass the NCLEX-RN exam to earn certification.  Many specialty nurses go on to further their education by earning a Master’s degree in nursing (MSN).

After becoming a certified nurse, you will need to gain experience working in the area of orthopedics (also known as orthopaedics), if possible.  This experience is helpful before taking additional courses or entering a Masters in nursing program.  Some of the areas of experience that should be considered include critical care facilities, emergency rooms, surgical settings, and cancer clinics.

Orthopedic Nurse Education Requirements, Certification, and Schooling Programs

An orthopedic nurse must first earn a Bachelor of Science Nursing degree, BSN.  This degree is a four-year degree in general nursing, however, the aspiring nurse who specializes in orthopedics should take special courses in anatomy and orthopedics.  Following some nursing experience, nurses may decide to pursue a Master’s degree in Nursing (MSN).

After graduating with a BSN or MSN degree, nurses may choose to become certified. Orthopedic nurses receive certification through the Orthopaedic Nurses Certification Board (ONCB). The board bestows the credential of Orth0peadic Nurse Certified (ONC) on eligible applicants who pass a certification exam. Certification is accredited by the Accreditation Board for Specialty Nursing Certification (ABSNC). Although it is not required, certification is highly valued by employers. The exam consists of questions pertaining to multiple topics such as degenerative disorders, orthopedic trauma, sports injuries, musculoskeletal tumors and more. Eligible applicants must have two years experience working as a Registered Nurse (RN) and 1,000 hours spent working in orthopedics. The National Association of Orthopaedic Nurses (NAON) mentors nurses in the orthopedic field.

Orthopedic Nurse Salary and Career Outlook

Nurses with a specialization in orthopedics work with a wide range of patients making the need for these types of nurses high.  The area of orthopedics is growing rapidly.  The need for nurses in this field is expected to climb greatly over the next decades.  Nurses are necessary in many areas of medicine including clinics, hospitals, private practice, hospice, long-term care facilities, pediatrics, geriatrics, and sports medicine.  They may work in a clinical office setting or may assist in surgeries.

Those with the most education and experience in the area of orthopaedics will achieve the highest salary levels.  The annual salary range for a nurse in this specialized area is from $52,000 to $64,000.  However, some highly trained nurses with management skills may earn as much as $90,000 per year.  Nurses working in highly specialized areas such as orthopedic nursing can expect to earn the highest salaries.

Ophthalmic Nurse

Ophthalmic Nurse Job Description & Scope of Practice
Ophthalmology is the area of medicine dealing with the care and diseases of the eye.  The ophthalmic nurse cares for patients with eye disorders.  Nurses who work in the field of ophthalmology typically work with ophthalmologists to provide patient care.

The eye care nurse provides some of the following treatments:

-Assists patients with eye examinations

– Prepares patients for eye surgery

• Educates patients about good eye health
• Assists with eye surgery
• Conducts tests for eye disorders including glaucoma, cataracts, and eye trauma
• Gathers information from patients

Eye care nurses offer care for patients with a variety of vision and medical problems that affect vision including glaucoma, cataracts, eye injuries, blindness, hypertension, and diabetes.  Nurses work with ophthalmologists to provide care before, during, and after routine exams and surgical procedures. Nurses must have excellent communication skills and must be able to work with all ages as patients may range in age from infancy to the elderly.

How to Become an Ophthalmic Nurse

Nurses who work in ophthalmology must first complete a nursing degree at an accredited university.  It is essential to first attain a Bachelor of Science degree in Nursing (BSN).  After completing your degree you must become a registered nurse.  This is accomplished by taking the NCLEX-RN exam.  Many of these specialty nurses further their careers by becoming certified through the National Certifying Board for Ophthalmic Registered Nurses (NCBORN).  This board offers certification for nurses meeting the qualifications and eligibility requirements.  To become certified through the board, nurses must pass a certification exam.

Ophthalmic Nurse Education Requirements, Certification, and Schooling Programs

The eye care nurse should attain a Bachelor of Science degree in Nursing (BSN).  Make sure that your undergraduate work includes courses in ocular anatomy and disease.  After successfully completing your degree program, nurses must attain registered nurse status through examination.  A nurse who aspires to go into the specialty of ophthalmology may also choose to go on to attain a Master’s degree in nursing (MSN) with a specialization as a clinical nurse specialist (CNS).

The National Certifying Board for Ophthalmic Registered Nurses (NCBORN) offers certification to nurses who meet certain qualifications and pass an exam. Eligible candidates possess two years or 4,000 hours experience working as an ophthalmic nurse. Once eligibility is determined, applicants sit for the exam that includes questions pertaining to ocular conditions, pharmacology, assessment and professional issues. The test takes approximately two hours to complete. Certification is not required. However, it formally documents competency, knowledge and skills in the field.

Practicing nurses may choose to join the American Society of Ophthalmic Registered Nurses (ASORN).  ASORN fosters excellence in ophthalmic patient care, helping to develop nurses through education.  The organization is designed to assist nurses in continued education to provide high quality patient care.

Ophthalmic Nurse Salary and Career Outlook

As the number of elderly patients continues to rise, the need for all types of specialty nurses will keep going up as well.  As technology improves the ability to have successful eye surgeries the need for high quality eye care will increase.  Since ophthalmic nursing is not one of the most common areas of nursing, the need for this specialization will continue to go up.

Nurses with this specialty may work in a clinical setting, a surgical setting, or a combination of both. They can expect an annual salary ranging from $55,000 to $67,000.  Those nurses with more education and experience will typically reach the higher end of the salary range.  Nurses with NCBORN certification are most likely to increase their yearly salary, with a potential salary reaching more than $70,000 per year.

Operating Room Nurse

Operating Room Nurse Job Description & Scope of Practice
The operating room nurse is also known as a perioperative or OR nurse.  A perioperative nurse is responsible for patient care during and immediately following a surgical procedure.  This highly specialized nurse is part of the surgical team that ensures proper patient medical care before and throughout surgery.

The OR nurse is typically responsible for many of the following nurse duties:

• Assessing patients prior to surgery
• Acts as a liaison between the surgical team and the patient’s family
• Helps monitor patients during surgery
• Provides a sterile environment and instruments for surgery
• Provides recovery care after surgery
• Instructs patients on home after care needs

How to Become an Operating Room Nurse

An OR nurse is a high level nursing position that is reserved for some of the best and most highly educated nurses.  In order to become a successful perioperative nurse you must have the ability to work well under pressure and must be comfortable in all types of operating room settings.  In addition, OR nurses need to have strength and stamina to care for patients in a variety of circumstances and situations.

The OR nurse needs to be able to multi-task and work quickly and efficiently.  The operating room is a fast-paced environment where all team members must be prepared to take immediate life-saving measures.  Many nurses find that this environment is a good fit for them.  If you enjoy a fast-paced work environment and are prepared to work long yet rewarding hours, this position may be the best for you.

Operating Room Nurse Education Requirements, Certification, and Schooling Programs

An OR nurse is a specialized nursing position.  The first step towards becoming a specialized nurse is to earn a Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN).  After earning a BSN degree you will need to get your nurse’s license by passing the NCLEX-RN exam.  The OR nursing student will want to further his or her education by attaining a Master’s degree in nursing (MSN).  This coursework should be completed after some time spent working in the nursing field.

Certification for operating-room nurses is available through the Competency and Credentialing Institute (CCI). Nurses who meet eligibility guidelines and pass a certification examination receive the Certified Nurse Operating Room (CNOR) credential. Two agencies accredit the CNOR including the National Commission for Certifying Agencies (NCCA) and the American Board for Specialty Nursing Certification (ABSNC). Eligibility requirements include experience working in perioperative nursing education, administration, research or clinical practice. Candidates must have 2,400 hours of experience in perioperative nursing, with half of those hours spent working in an intraoperative setting. The certification exam consists of 200 multiple-choice questions pulled from nine core subjects. The exam takes three hours and 45 minutes to complete. Certification validates skills and knowledge, but it is not required to work as an operating-room nurse.

The OR nurse may also choose to join the Association of Operating Room Nurses (AORN).  This group oversees and assists OR nurses by providing information and resources specifically for use by nurses with a specialty in caring for patients before, during, and after a surgical procedure.  There are various levels of membership available including student membership.

Operating Room Nurse Salary and Career Outlook

Surgical procedures are on the rise and with an elderly population that is increasing, the need for this specialty nursing position is increasing.  More and more surgical procedures are being performed as medical advancements are made.  The requirement for specialty nurses to assist with medical procedures will continue to rise.

The salary level for these nurses ranges from $61,000 to $75,000.  OR nurses with advanced degrees or with extensive surgical experience will attain a higher salary.  The salary will depend on the education, experience, and knowledge of the nurse as well as the type and size of the employer.

Oncology Nurse

Oncology Nurse Job Description & Scope of Practice
An oncology nurse is a nurse who provides care for patients who have cancer.  The care of oncology patients is a specialized area of nursing because it requires nurses to care for terminally or chronically ill patients.

The oncology or cancer nurse delivers a wide range of patient services including:

• Monitor patients for physical conditions and symptoms
• Assist in developing management strategies
• Administer treatments including chemotherapy
• Provide information to cancer patients
• Assist in the screening, detection, and prevention of cancer
• Works with other health care providers to administer high quality patient care

How to Become an Oncology Nurse

The nurse who specializes in oncology may work with patients with a diverse range of types of cancer.  Some nurses decide to focus on one primary area of oncology such as breast oncology, or GYN oncology.  When choosing a specialty it is essential to focus your education on that area by taking classes and seminars.  A cancer care nurse often treats terminally ill patients and must have compassion and a gentle nature.

Oncology is a very rewarding area of medicine.  Nurses may work in a clinical practice, a hospital, a hospice, a long-term care facility, or a medical center that specializes in cancer treatment.  Other options for nurses include becoming a researcher, consultant, or teacher.

Oncology Nurse Education Requirements, Certification, and Schooling Programs

The nursing careeer must begin by earning a Bachelor of Science Nursing Degree, BSN.  This may be accomplished at any reputable university with a good nursing program.  It is important to be sure to take specialty courses in the area of oncology throughout your educational career.  After successful completion of a BSN degree you will need to take and pass the licensing exam in order to become a licensed nurse.  The licensing exam is called the NCLEX-RN exam.

After earning a BSN degree and becoming licensed, you will need to gain nursing experience.  It is also helpful to earn a Master’s or Doctorate degree in nursing with a specialization in oncology.  Choose an advanced degree program that provides you with the knowledge you will specifically require to treat oncology patients. In addition to a strong educational background, cancer care nurses may choose to join the Oncology Nursing Society (ONS).  This is a professional organization of registered nurses dedicated to the education, care, and research of oncology nursing.  Applicants must meet eligibility requirements and pass an assessment exam.

The Oncology Nursing Society (ONS) recommends certification for nurses working in oncology. Certification, available through the Oncology Nursing Certification Corporation (ONCC), is accredited by the National Commission for Certifying Agencies (NCCA). Applicants who fulfill eligibility requirements and pass an examination are awarded with the credential OCN or Oncology Certified Nurse. Eligibility is determined in several ways, with each requiring a combination of education and experience in the field. Certification is not required. However, the American Board of Nursing Specialties (ABNS) views certification as a formal recognition of the specialized skills needed to work in the oncology field.

Oncology Nurse Salary and Career Outlook

The need for all types of health care professionals, including nurses, is expected to climb substantially in the next decade or more.  Nurses with a specialty in oncology will be particularly in high demand because of the increase in the elderly population.  The field of oncology is quite broad, so the requirement for specialized nurses is very high. Specializing in a particular area of oncology may help to increase your salary.  The nurse with a specialty in oncology can expect a salary in the range between $55,000 and $75,000 per year.  Those oncology nurses with more education and experience will typically receive an annual salary at the high end of the scale. 

Nurse Researcher

Nurse Researcher Job Description & Scope of Practice
A nurse researcher is a nursing professional and research specialist who implements and analyzes scientific data regarding health care.  The research nurse may work in one of many different health care settings including research laboratories, universities, non-profit organizations, and private companies.  The nursing research specialist does research and analyzes the results in the form of reports, papers, and studies.

This advanced nursing position is a scientist who identifies and researches scientific studies related to the health care industry.  Medical research studies are often funded through grants.  Nurses may also author papers, studies, and articles that are published in professional journals.  Many of these research specialists are also involved in academics as teachers.  An advanced nurse may start as a clinical research assistant, a research coordinator, or a research monitor.

Job duties include some of the following:

• Helps prove scientific basis for medicine
• Assists in the prevention of diseases
• Works to control or eliminate symptoms of specific illnesses
• Improves management of long-term and end-of-life care

How to Become a Nurse Researcher

A research nurse combines the nursing field with the scientific field.  If you like the idea of nursing but prefer to use the knowledge in a more scientific way, this may be the ideal position for you.  Research nurses spend more time with facts and figures than with patients. You will need to have a strong background in both nursing and researching.  The ideal candidate will have a logical approach to medicine and a longing to continue to learn more about the various aspects of the science of medicine.

Nurse Researcher Education Requirements, Certification, and Schooling Programs

The ideal nursing candidate will achieve advanced degrees in nursing.  The critical educational path should include:

• Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN)
• Master’s Degree in Nursing
• Doctorate Degree

The nursing research specialist will need to study in the areas of nursing as well as research such as biology.  The aspiring nurse will need to have an analytical approach to the medical profession.  While this profession does require a nursing degree, it is used in a more scientific way than is usual.  It is important for someone seeking this position to have a strong educational emphasis on scientific research.

Many research nurses begin by gaining experience as a registered nurse before choosing a career in nurse research.  An advanced degree should focus on a specific area of concentration such as infectious diseases, cancer research, or pediatric health.

Nurse researchers who wish to become certified do so through the Society of Clinical Research Associates (SoCRA). Eligible candidates must be a member of SoCRA and also have two years experience working full time as a clinical research professional or an equivalent of 3500 hours. A combination of experience and/or appropriate education in clinical research may reduce or eliminate experience requirements. The certification exam covers five major subject areas including conduct of clinical trials, institutional review boards and regulations, ethical issues, ability to follow directions and abstracting information from medical records. Those who successfully complete the exam earn the designation of Clinical Research Professional (CRP). Certification is not required to work as a clinical researcher. However, certified individuals may find it easier to obtain employment.

Nurse Researcher Salary and Career Outlook

The need for medical professionals in general will increase over the next decades. Medical research is a much needed part of the medical community.  The nursing researcher has the opportunity to work in one of many varied environments including both private and public sectors.  It is anticipated that the need for nursing positions will continue to grow as these nurses are required for many varied job assignments.

The salary of a scientific nurse will vary depending on the level of education, the amount of experience, and the position the nurse holds.  In general, the salary expectations range from $62,000 to $75,000, with the salary level increasing with experience. 

Online LPN Programs

As a LPN, what work will I handle?
The LPN scope of practice is varied and all accredited LPN training reflects this. As a LPN, your work will entail basic care of patients. You will have the capacity to perform nursing procedures like patient injections, massaging patients, wound dressing, maintain patients hygiene, monitoring catheters, recording major health aspects like temperature, pressure and blood sugar.

In some instances, as a LPN, also known as Licensed Vocational Nurses (LVN) in Texas and California, you will have the mandate to take samples from patients and testing them in the laboratory.  It is worth noting that all the activities of LPNs are carried out under the supervision of a registered nurse or a senior clinical officer.

What to look for when choosing an online LPN/LVN program

You may not be willing to waste your time and money after a long period of study. To ensure you will be on the safe side with online programs, you must ascertain that the school you enroll in for the online LPN nursing program is accredited to do so by the respective Department of Education.

You must also ensure that the online degree program offered by the said school is recognized by the national accrediting body of nurses. As an added advantage, you may wish to enquire from practicing nurses who have taken such online LPN programs successfully.

Doing a bit of research on the school online programs and their credibility could shed some light on the worthiness of their distance and online LPN courses.

In addition, the best online LPN programs must have the capacity to:

• Allow you transfers your credits in the case you want to change the school
• Avail teaching and research resources for student nurses
• Ensure efficient course coverage for all nursing units
• Offer an interactive LPN Students- tutor teaching style e.g. video and audio conferencing
• Prove the credibility of the nursing lecturers/tutors
• Offer transparent and up-to standards nursing exams and testing methods

How will I take my Practical nursing lessons with an Online LPN program?

Practical lessons pose the biggest challenges of taking healthcare degrees online. To be a fully qualified medical practitioner, you must at least have access to practical hospital procedures and a real-world patient care environment experience

For this reason, it is advisable that you choose an online based school that is close to where you live. In this case, you will be able to take your theory nursing lessons online and arrange practical medical lessons at the school. The practical nursing lessons can be done fortnightly, on an arranged crush-program on a monthly basis or depending on your availability.

The online nursing school may also liaise with your local hospital or a renowned health facility close to your locality to allow you take your LPN clinical rotations.

Qualifications to enroll for an online LPN Degree program

LPN programs, like all healthcare careers, are very noble professions. It requires that a person be patient, compassionate, and above all, have the willingness to help people recover from illness and disease and out of their pain and suffering.

Another prerequisite for taking a LPN/ LVN online program includes a high school diploma. This is used to enroll for the basic certificate as a LPN.

Do I have chances to advance my LPN?

Nearly all schools that offer online LPN courses allow qualified LPNs to advance to higher levels of the nursing profession. The advantage of taking an advanced program from as a LPN is that, chances are high you will be exempted from doing a bunch of courses.

The most common advancement observed is from LPN to RN.  LPNs who wish to become RNs take a shorter time to finish their programs than fresh entrants. This entails training that enables the LPN to bridge the gap between their mandates and that of Registered Nurses. At the end of this course, the LVN earns an Associate of Science in Nursing (ASN).

Other online programs that LPNs can easily take are:

• Associate in Applied Science in Nursing
• Bachelor of Science in Nursing
• Bachelor of Science in Nursing Administration and Management

What is the course duration for an online LPN degree?

Depending on the online nursing LPN degree program you want to enroll for, the duration of study will vary. Usually, most online Licensed Practical Nurse program falls between the periods of 1 to 4 years. It takes one year to complete the curriculum for the basic LPN certificate and up-to 4 years for the Bachelor of Science in nursing programs.

The 4-year LPN programs can also take a shorter duration if the distance learning nursing school offers crush programs to students.

Curriculum details for Licensed Practical Nurse programs

The courses covered in LPN programs are all related to what RNs take but with lighter details of the course content. Basic medical courses taught include:

• Medical code of ethics

In this course, training student nurses learn how to keep the privacy and confidentiality of any patient’s information. It also aims at enlightening the student nurse on how to treat patients according to their human rights. It ensures the graduate does not infringe the rights of the patients they are taking care of.

• Anatomy

Anatomy is the backbone of all medical related careers and as such, LPNs must have hands-on –knowledge about the body anatomy. This includes the learning of various organs and tissues of the body, their anatomical features and location in the body. An online LPN program cannot comprehensively cover the anatomy course and as such, online LPN students must have access to a few practical anatomy lessons by means of a human cadaver.

• Physiology

Physiology courses help a student understand the disease process.  Courses on this bracket cover the important aspect of living systems like cells, tissues and organ functions. Enzymes, hormones and other body fluids and their functions in the body are also taught at this point

• Laboratory and testing procedures

This does not entail taking a full course on Medical laboratory practice; rather the basic use of laboratory equipment like x-ray equipment, microscopes, testing kits and incubators. Safe laboratory techniques are also taught.  This part is what makes the online LPN programs to be questioned as you may not be quite conversant with vital laboratory practices.

However, many online schools are trying to overcome this hurdle by offering the theoretical protocols to the students online but summoning them onsite to take the laboratory lessons. This again translates back to the need of enrolling in online LPN programs with schools that have you have close proximity to.

• Medical terminology

As LPNs work under doctors or registered nurses supervision, you must understand the use medical terms. This helps you take doctors notes and do as per the treatment plan outlined by the doctor. Medical terms include drugs names, action plans, therapy protocols and medical disease terms.  You may also be required to learn a bit of pharmacology.

After taking an online LPN degree program, what next?

Qualified graduates who have taken online LPN programs have great career opportunities. There are emerging needs for basic patient and the elderly care. With a LPN program under your belt, you can easily get career openings with hospitals, home care facilities and Not-for profit organizations.

Many graduates of LPN also get to work in charity organisations that take care of the health-wise marginalized groups. These include the disabled, the elderly, convalescents and other groups of ailing persons who are in constant need of special care and attention.

Other career choices for LPNs depend on what you choose as your area of specialization. This may range from laboratory assistants to physiotherapists to junior nursing administrators.

What is my earning potential with an online LPN program?

According to the US Department of labor and Statistics, the salary of LPNs range from as low as $19000 to as high as $56000/year. However, these statistical projections vary from state to state with New Jersey, California, Connecticut and Rhode Island keeping an all time high salary margin.

Examples of accredited schools that offer recognized Online LPN programs.

The list does not follow any order of preference

University of Phoenix

University of Phoenix College of Nursing has been offering nursing education for more than a quarter of a decade.  University of Phoenix offers a large variety of online nursing programs that offer students the flexibility they need in a nursing program.  Programs include LPN / LVN to BSN, RN to BSN, and MSN degrees.  The curriculum is often updated so it is always current and meets state requirements. Nursing programs are accredited through the Commission of Collegiate Nursing Education (CCNE) and are taught by licensed and experienced health care professionals.

Kaplan University

Kaplan University College of Nursing offers a large selection of online nursing programs. Kaplan is accredited and licensed.  The instructors are experienced professionals with a strong background in nursing.  Online instruction allows students to learn on their own time, giving them the opportunity to maintain a full-time job while attending classes online.  Online nursing programs include MSN, RN to MSN, BSN, ASN, and certificate programs in nurse practitioner, nurse administrator, nurse educator and informatics.

Indiana State University

Indiana State University College of Nursing offers several online programs for nursing students.  BSN programs include LPN to BSN¸RN to BSN.  Advanced practice nursing programs include FNP, Nursing administration, Nursing education, and doctor of nursing practice. These programs allow you to complete the coursework online with no trips to campus necessary.  Online teaching allows students to take classes to complete a degree while still being able to work full time.  Online courses are flexible yet offer high quality education necessary to learn the skills needed to achieve success.

Chamberlain College of Nursing

Chamberlain College of Nursing offers on-campus and online programs for nursing degrees.  The college is known for providing high quality nursing education.  The online programs include RN to BSN completion, MSN, RN to BSN to MSN, and MSN and MBA track options.  Online programs are designed to provide students with complete coursework that can be completed by students who are employed full time.  The programs are taught by faculty who are experienced in the nursing field.  Students do not need to complete on-campus work.

Grand Canyon University

The Grand Canyon University School of Nursing offers a variety of programs that can be taken online.  Grand Canyon University is a private Christian university located in Arizona.  They offer both on-campus and online programs.  The online courses include a bridge to MSN Leadership, bridge to MSN Health Care Informatics, bridge to MSN Nursing Education, bridge to MSN Nursing Leadership, bridge to MSN Public Health, and bridge to MSN Acute Care Nursing Practitioner.

Sanford Brown College

Sanford Brown College offers a variety of online learning options including a practical nursing program.  The program offers students the ability to attend school online in their own time.  The LPN program is designed to provide students with the necessary skills to work in the medical field in a variety of healthcare environments.

Walden University

Walden University is an online school that offers programs in a variety of areas.  The nursing programs are quite diverse.  They include the BSN completion program, MSN RN track, MSN BSN track, Nursing Informatics MSN tracks, Nursing Leadership and Management MSN tracks, and DNP program.  Walden offers a student-centered approach to learning.  Students are provided with plenty of resources to enrich the online learning experience. Faculty is involved in every class and assist in your personal learning.

Jacksonville University

Jacksonville University is part of the University Alliance.  They offer online nursing programs including the online RN to BSN degree program.  The program curriculum includes a wide range of nursing subjects to give you a broad scope.  Some of the course offerings are community health, critical care, nutrition, statistics, anatomy, physiology, and research and assessment.  All courses are available online to allow students the flexibility to work and go to school.

American Sentinel

American Sentinel offers a wide selection of nursing programs that can be completed online.  The RN to MSN program is an accredited, fast-track program that is designed to provide experienced nurses with the education needed to achieve a Master of Science degree in nursing.  Licensed nurses with experience can apply their associate degree toward the MSN without the need to earn a BSN (Bachelor of Science in Nursing).  Students must complete 18 baccalaureate level nursing credits and then complete 36 graduate hours in the MSN program.

Western Governors University

WGU offers a complete selection of online programs including bachelor degrees and master’s degrees.  The College of Health Professions degree programs are accredited by the Commission for Collegiate Nursing Education (CCNE).  Students can achieve their degrees with online studies.  Choose from RN to BSN, BSN, BS in Health Informatics, MSN in Education or MSN in Leadership and Management.  Students can take courses on a full time or part time basis.  The flexibility of online programs allows students to better reach their educational aspirations. Assessments are used to determine specific student needs.

Capella University

Capella University offers online education in nursing ranging from certificate programs through bachelor and master degree programs.  The accredited programs offer students a good option for earning a degree without the need to attend campus-based courses.  Faculty is experienced in the health care professions.  Students can collaborate with their peers across the country.  Programs offer the latest information to provide you with up-to-date knowledge.  Upon graduation, students are prepared to take the NCLEX-RN exam to become licensed.

Keiser University Campus Online

Keiser offers an online Bachelor of Science degree in Nursing (RN to BSN).  The program is designed for nurses who already have their license and some practical experience in the nursing profession.  The RN to BSN program offers nurses credit for their previous experience and education in nursing.  Keiser programs are accredited.  Online programs allow nurses the flexibility to work at their nursing positions while they take courses to achieve their BSN degree.  Courses may be taken on a part-time or full-time basis.  Students must be able to take proficiency exams and prove that they are currently licensed.

If you plan to enroll for an online LPN program, you must ensure that the program is scheduled to meet your expectations in terms of time, achievements and cost efficiency. Choosing right and doing a lot of research on available options for the online LPN programs will help you get a satisfying CV showcase.

Types of Online LPN Programs

Online Licensed Practical Nurse (LPN) programs are a great way to start on the road to a rewarding healthcare career that offers many job opportunities, very attractive salaries, and excellent long-term career prospects.

Benefits of Online LPN Programs

With the continuing aging of the population combined with advances in technology, people are living longer with an increased need for healthcare services. As a result the demand for LPNs is very strong with an anticipated growth rate of 21 percent through the year 2018 as per the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. There has never been a better time to begin a career in this highly rewarding profession!

Online study offers flexibility of time and place so that it is a great option for those who are working or who have family responsibilities.All that is needed to participate in online LPN programs is a laptop with a consistent Internet connection. Lectures are prerecorded so that students may listen to them at a time of their convenience. Students may easily contact their professors or  peers via the many communication tools that are part of online LPN programs. These tools are in the form of chat rooms, discussion forums, email, and webcams. Because online study does not necessitate commuting and dining costs, it also reduces the total cost of attendance. Many LPNs have stated that online LPN programs provided them the opportunity to complete their education in a timely manner since many programs may be completed with a one year period. It is hard to effectively balance work with study so that distance learning has become the preferred mode of education for students across many disciplines, including the healthcare sector.

Types of online LPN program degrees available:

The most popular online LPN programs include the following:

• Associate in Science in Nursing (A.S.)
• Associate in Applied Science in Nursing (A.A.S.)
• Bachelor of Science in Nursing- LPN to RN (B.S.N.): This is an especially attractive option for those LPNs who wish to advance their career and become registered nurses. It can take less time to complete the 4 year degree since coursework taken in the online LPN program may be transferable to the bachelor’s degree. Also important to note is that all or part of your tuition may be paid for by your employer in exchange for committing to remain with the facility for a certain number of years following graduation.

A high school diploma or GED diploma is usually required for admission to either of the above programs.  Some programs may also require that certain prerequisite science courses, such as biology and chemistry, be satisfactorily completed.

Onsite LPN training requirements

Although online LPN programs are designed to allow you the opportunity to study from home, the clinical component of training will necessitate hands-on work with patients. No online LPN program can be completed without some onsite training. Indeed, clinical training can be considered the most critical aspect of a nurse’s education. For those who are already working in the healthcare sector, clinical training hours may be completed at your current facility. For others, you will need to schedule the clinical hours around your other work or family responsibilities. In many cases you will be able to complete these hours on a weekend or evening basis.

Curriculum in typical online LPN programs

A good online LPN program will include such coursework as anatomy and physiology, medical-surgical nursing, pediatrics, pharmacology, nutrition, obstetrics and gynecology, psychology, as well as clinical training within a hospital or other healthcare setting. The curriculum will also cover how to effectively communicate with patients and their families,doctors, nurses, and other members of the healthcare team.

The clinical portion of the program will cover such topics as

• Medical/Surgical Nursing (working with patients suffering from a variety of medical conditions/caring for patients pre and post surgery.
• Pediatric Nursing (the care of children and adolescents)
• First Aid and Emergency Medicine
• Obstetrics and Gynecology

In most cases the both clinical and didactic (instructional) courses will be taught by registered nurses with advanced degrees who will also serve as your clinical training supervisor.

Where to find online LPN programs

When you are ready to begin study to become an LPN, you will find that there are many excellent programs available. Just be sure to enroll in a school that has been approved/accredited by your State Board of Nursing as this will attest to the quality of education you will receive and will enhance your employment prospects after graduation..

Not all online LPN programs are created equal and you will need to perform some due diligence so you may select the program that will best meet your career goals. The choice you make will have a huge impact on your future career success so take the time to thoroughly research each program of interest. Factors to consider include whether the school has been approved by your State board of Nursing, percentage of coursework that may be completed online; number clinical hours required for graduation, academic advising and faculty support, as well as flexibility in terms of handing in assignments and logging in for lectures. Keep in mind that online programs also differ in the degree of independence they provide Some online programs require that students log on at certain times when the professor is logged on for a “virtual lecture” of an especially important topic. Other programs leave students to themselves and all work is completed independently with no required log in times.

Below are some further suggestions to guide the selection process:

–      Compare costs and course fees among several programs. Be sure to include the costs of books and supplies, along with any other miscellaneous materials (e.g. uniforms when starting clinical training).

–      Ensure that you meet all prerequisites for enrollment, such as having  high school diploma or GED, and satisfactory completion of any previous science coursework that may be required.

–       Evaluate whether you have the self-discipline necessary to successfully complete an online LPN program. Although in theory it sounds great, it will take a great deal of persistence and focus to finish the program.

–      Do you have space in your home that you can devote to study and that is privately located to minimize disturbances?

–      Does the school offer assistance with clinical training placement. This is an important question with regard to online LPN programs since the “campus” is not necessarily located in the same area you wish to practice so that the school has no affiliation with area facilities. In many cases it will be up to you to locate an appropriate placement. However, the relationships you develop during the clinical placement can (and very often do) lead to employment upon graduation.

–      What type of support is available for online students? How can you connect with academic advisors and faculty? Do they have consistent “office” hours during which you may log in to chat and ask questions? Or is communication limited to discussion boards and email?

Licensure

Once you graduate from an online LPN program you will need to sit for the National Council Licensure Examination or NCLEX-LPN in order to obtain licensure. Although licensing requirements do vary by state, all states and the District of Columbia require this exam as part of the licensing process. The exam was developed and is administered by the National Council of State boards of Nursing. The NCLEX-LPN is a computer based test that covers four major Client Needs areas: patient safety and fostering an effective care environment; health promotion and maintenance; psychosocial aspects of patient care; and physical well-being.

Graduate Nursing Schools

There are many factors to consider when selecting a graduate nursing school. Different people will have different priorities so you want to make sure that you choose a program that will best meet your career goals.

Master of Science in Nursing (MSN)

A master of science degree in nursing (MSN) qualifies you to start a career in variety of advanced practice nursing roles, as well as becoming involved in clinical research, nursing administration, and nursing education at both the undergraduate and graduate levels.

To be eligible for admission to a standard masters in nursing program, you will generally need to possess a bachelor of nursing degree (BSN) and be a registered nurse (RN). Most graduate programs will also require that you pass the Graduate Record Examination (GRE). However, registered nurses who apply through an accelerated RN-to-MSN “Bridge Program” will not need to submit GRE scores.

Many nurses who participate in master’s level study are practicing nurses so have a clear idea of the area in which they wish to specialize. Specialization areas include family nursing, pediatric nursing, adult nursing, geriatric nursing, oncology nursing, public health nursing, clinical nurse wife,  clinical nurse anesthetist, or clinical nurse specialist. Those who enter a master’s program with a bachelor’s in a non-nursing area may need to satisfy certain undergraduate preparatory coursework before they may be formally admitted to masters level nursing study.

It will typically take about two years to complete a master’s program if you attend on a full time basis and three to four years if you attend part time.

Considerations when choosing a graduate nursing school:

• Choose the program then the school. The first step is to take an inventory of your career strengths and interests so you may decide on an area of specialization. Only when you have decided on a specialization should you begin to research schools that have a strong reputation in that area.
• Type of setting. You also need to decide on the type of college setting you prefer to study. Do you prefer an urban campus or would you prefer to attend a nursing school that is located in a small community? You may also choose to pursue your education via an online nursing program, although you will need to possess a great deal of self-discipline, motivation, and initiative to complete this type of program successfully.
• Research the backgrounds of faculty members in your area of interest. What are the professional and academic backgrounds of the nursing faculty? How long have they been teaching? Have they been published in recognized nursing journals? Many graduate nursing schools focus on only one or two areas of practice so are able to attract faculty who are particularly strong in those specialties. For example, a nursing school may be rated “average” overall but have an outstanding faculty and learning resources within the areas of family nursing and pediatrics. If either is your chosen specialty, you would do well to select such a school.
• Ensure that the program is accredited. This is an especially important point for those who enter a master’s degree with a bachelor’s in a non-nursing area. You will need to have attended an accredited nursing school in order to be eligible to take the National Certification Licensure Exam for Registered Nurses (NCLEX-RN) and to obtain licensure from your State Board of Nursing.

Employers greatly prefer to hire nurse clinicians who have graduated from accredited schools since these programs have met strict standards for nursing education in terms of quality of quality of coursework, facilities, faculty, and clinical training.

There are two national organizations that accredit nursing programs:1) The National League for Nursing Accrediting Commission (NLNAC) which accredits all levels of nursing education programs including associates, bachelor’s, and master’s degree; 2) The Commission on Collegiate Nursing Education (CCNE) that accredits only bachelor’s and master’s programs.

• Cost Considerations: Research what the full costs are to attend the school. Include not only direct tuition costs but the cost of books, commuting, and food. Inquire about such financial aid opportunities as grants and scholarships, which do not have to repaid, and government loans which do need to be repaid but come with relatively low interest rates. If you are a working in the healthcare field either as a nurse or other professional, ask your employer about tuition reimbursement programs. Keep in mind that there will likely be a stipulation that you remain with your employer for a certain period of time upon graduation, usually one year for each year of aid you receive.
• Nursing School Class Size. As about the faculty to student ratio for both the classroom and clinical training component parts of the program. Smaller class size for clinical rotations and course work can be more important than when taking prerequisite courses.
• Research the clinical requirements. You want to ensure that your clinical rotations provide you with substantive experience within your area of specialty. The clinical rotation should be based on real-world skills and knowledge that provide you with sufficient preparation so you will graduate with a solid foundation on which to build a career in your specialty area.  .
• Scheduling Flexibility: If you wish to continue working while pursing your graduate degree, does the school offer an option for part-time study or may some of the coursework be completed online?
• Contact the school of interest: After you have narrowed possible schools to between three and five, call the admissions office of each to arrange a campus visit (or a telephone interview if applying to an online nursing school). The admission staff generally welcomes inquiries and happy to explain their programs in detail. As you make the appointment be sure to ask for a tour of the campus and whether you may sit in on a class (this can be done with a distance learning program as well). During your visit, study the school culture to determine whether this is a setting where you will comfortable attending nursing school. Try to speak with other nursing students to obtain their feedback o both the school and program.

If you are interested in an online nursing school, try to evaluate the quality of the program by perusing the school Web site and noting the style of writing and content posted. Is the site professional and easy to navigate and provide easy access to all needed information? Does the school value transparency with respect to tuition costs and admission requirements?

As you research nursing schools, keep in mind that the better quality programs value transparency and will be only too happy to answer all your questions regarding admission policies, program requirements, tuition and ancillary costs, and culture.

How To Quickly Find a Nursing Job Using Social Media

When looking for a new nursing job, keep in mind that social medial has become a highly popular tool for job search and networking in nearly all industries, including healthcare. Using social media provides a convenient and effective  method to identify new opportunities.

The Growth of Social Media

Social medial sites such as LinkedIn, Twitter, Facebook, and YouTube have become important tools for candidates and employers to connect, even at great distances. A such, social media can be a great resource for those nurses seeking to relocate and identify new nursing jobs in other parts of the country—or around the world.

A recent study conducted by CareerBuilder.com found that over 22 percent of hiring managers in all sectors routinely peruse social medial sites to identify viable candidates for job vacancies. The study also found that an additional ten percent of hiring managers plan to incorporate social media into their recruitment strategies in the near future.

Most hiring managers use social media to obtain an impression of the person behind the résumé. In older times, hiring managers had to wait for in-person interview to obtain a 360 degree perspective of job candidates; now all it takes is a simple search of social media profiles.

While nursing skills and knowledge remain the primary factors in hiring decisions by nurse administrators, social media profiles also allow these hiring managers to determine whether the candidate will be a fit with overall facility culture. This determination can be made from the pictures posted to the candidate profile, perusing lists of friends and connections, reviewing groups that candidates belong to, style of language (e.g. word usage), as well as lists of hobbies and interests.

Social Media and Nursing Job Search

Are nurses and other health care professionals actually using social media as a job search resource?

A 2010 survey conducted by AMN Healthcare, a large healthcare staffing and workforce solutions firm asked nurses, doctors, as well as allied health personnel about their use of social media to help with job search. Of the nearly 1,250 healthcare professionals who took part in the survey, 60 percent reported to have been involved in job search over the past two years, 26 percent reported being actively involved in full time job search at the time of the survey, 21 percent claimed to be seeking contract or temporary work, and 14 percent were actively seeking part time work.

Respondents noted that their preferred job search methods included (in order of priority) in-person and social media networking, referrals, direct contact with potential employers, search engines, and healthcare job boards.

Specifically, of those who participated in the survey, about 2 in 5 claimed that they used at least one social media during their job search. Allied health professionals (23 percent) and nurses (22 percent) used social media most often, followed by pharmacists (18 percent) and doctors (15 percent).  However, outcomes have been somewhat mixedt with only 6 percent reporting being invited to an interview and 3 percent being offered a job they identified through social media.

The results showed that most health care professionals (37 percent) use social media for networking rather than direct job search. Top sites, in order of popularity, for networking were reported to be Facebook, YouTube, LinkedIn, MySpace, and Twitter. Nurses, at 41 percent, had the highest usage of social media for professional networking.  When asked which social media site they would use if they had the choice of only one, the majority of respondents (64 percent) reported they would use Facebook.

Healthcare Organizations Use Social Media to Recruit

Recent studies suggest that over 1000 hospitals throughout the country now host a presence on one of the social media sites, most often Facebook and Twitter but LinkedIn as well. Nearly 10 percent of these hospitals also host their own blogs so that it seems many hospitals are using social media for a variety of purposes; i.e. networking, recruiting and marketing. For example, Twitter and Facebook provide a venue for healthcare facilities to post information regarding their health care services and education programs, while LinkedIn is a popular site for posting nursing job opportunities.

Creating a Social Media Profile for Nursing Job Search

The growing popularity of social media means that these sites can be a very valuable tool for nursing job search. However, to be successful you will need to develop a presence that will serve as an effective marketing tool and get the attention of nursing administrators.

Create a professional social media profile

Limit the information you include in your social media profile to that which you would want a potential employer to see. While you want to establish a warm and friendly tone, keep your profile professional with no slang or impolitic language. Post pictures in keeping with the professional image you wish to portray. Best to use a picture in which you are dressed in professional attire as you would dress if going on an interview.

The most appropriate time to create a professional profile is BEFORE you begin your nursing job search. Keep in mind that you may be in consideration for a nursing job without your even being aware of it should potential employers be perusing social media profiles for viable candidates. Any delay in removing less than professional content leaves you open to the risk that a potential employer may read it with the result that you are knocked out of the running before you even know you were in it!

Connect Wisely

Unless you limit access to your friends or connections list, potential employers will be able to view these lists and view select profiles as well. As they say, “we are judged by the company we keep” so exercise sound judgment in who you choose to connect with–or at least hide these lists.

Join Professional Groups

While the purpose of social media is to connect with others who share your personal interests, it will advance your candidacy if you also join professionally-based groups. With regard to nursing jobs, there are many associations representing nearly all nursing specialties that maintain a presence on most of the major social media sites. Not only will this provide evidence of your active involvement in professional activities but the connections you make can also help you tap into the hidden job market.

Don’t Mention Your Nursing Job Search

Just as nursing administrators may be perusing social media profiles so, too, may your current employer. Picture your supervisor perusing profiles only to come upon yours and discovering that you have been very busy on your days off searching for a new nursing job. At the least this will result in an awkward relationship between yourself and your boss; at the most it could seriously jeopardize your future employment with the facility.  Even if your supervisor does not see your profile it is likely that one your colleagues may see it and inadvertently mention your job search around the facility.

LVN to BSN Programs in Texas

For licensed vocational nurses who wish to pursue a bachelor’s degree to be eligible for registered nurse positions, accelerated LVN to BSN programs in Texas may provide a great option to obtain the degree in a limited amount of time.  Employers in all types of health care settings are increasingly demanding that entry level nurses possess n bachelor’s degree in nursing (BSN) as  opposed to a diploma or associate’s degree.  Graduates of bachelor degree programs are eligible to obtain nursing positions that offer increasing level of patient care responsibilities, along with higher salaries.

Overview of  LVN to BSN Programs

LVN to BSN programs (commonly referred to as “bridge” degree programs) provide the opportunity for LVNs to apply directly to bachelor-level programs without first having to obtain an associate degree in nursing (ASN).  In contrast to associate degree programs which focus on basic nursing care, bachelor- level study will place greater focus on advanced nursing practice, as well as provide a foundation in nursing theory and management principles.  The inclusion of management coursework recognizes that many graduates of BSN programs will advance into supervisory and management positions.

There are two main reasons that LVN to BSN programs are considered to be accelerated. The first is that applicants are expected to have taken basic science prerequisite coursework and to have accrued relevant work experience. In each instance, students may be eligible for transfer credit that will reduce the number of credits for the BSN degree. The second reason these programs are accelerated is that students will be required to carry a heavier course load per semester than are students in traditional BSN degree programs. While full-time students may complete the accelerated LVN to BSN program within three years, it can take working nurses attending on a part-time basis up to four years to finish the degree.

Licensing and Advanced Education

Upon graduation from LVN to BSN students may sit for the National Council Licensure Examination for Registered Nurses (NCLEX-RN) administered by the National Council for State Boards of Nursing (NCSBN.org).

Admission Requirements

Applicants to LVN to BSN programs in Texas must possess a high school diploma or general equivalency diploma (GED), along with a valid and unrestricted LVN license. Additional entrance requirements typically include a cumulative GPA of 3.0 or higher from your LVN diploma program, along with letters of recommendation. It is also expected that applicants will have satisfactorily completed certain science prerequisites prior to beginning bachelor’s study. These classes include anatomy and physiology, microbiology, chemistry, clinical pharmacology, as well as ethical issues in nursing practice.  Many LVN to BSN programs in Texas also require applicants to submit scores from either the ACT or SAT.

LVN-to-BSN Program Curriculum

As noted, it is expect that students will have completed certain science prerequisite coursework prior to entry into the bachelor’s program.  Bachelor’s programs provide intensive study in advanced nursing care, health assessment and treatment planning, as well as management principles.  Core coursework typically includes:

• Biochemistry and organic chemistry I and II
• Nursing theory and advanced practice
• Health assessment and treatment planning
• Pediatric and adult nursing
• Family medicine
• Nursing management theory and principles
• Statistics in health care
• Advanced medical terminology
• Patient and family communication

The hands-on, clinical part of the bachelor’s degree will provide students the opportunity to perform RN-level nursing responsibilities in a variety of healthcare settings such as medical and rehabilitation hospitals, outpatient clinics, home health agencies, private doctor offices, and nursing facilities.

LVN-BSN programs are offered in either campus-based or online formats. Students electing to attend online are still required to complete a practicum in nursing care within a local health care facility or agency.

Many graduates of LPN to BSN programs choose to advance their education by pursuing a master’s degree in a specific area of nursing. Master of Science in Nursing (MSN) programs prepare graduates to assume positions as advanced practice nurses (nurse practitioners, nurse anesthetists, nurse mid-wives, etc.) and assume senior management roles.

Choosing a LVN to BSN Program

When researching LVN-BSN programs in Texas you want to make sure they have received accreditation from the National League of Nursing Accreditation Commission (NLNAC) or Commission on Collegiate Nursing Education (CCNE).  The U.S. Department of Education recognizes both agencies as official accreditation bodies for nursing education at the diploma, associate’s, bachelor’s,  master’s and doctorate levels.

Graduating from an accredited LPN to BSN program ensures that your degree will be accepted by your State Board of Nursing which will issue your registered nurse (RN) license.

Accredited LVN to BSN programs in Texas  as per the American Association of Colleges of Nursing:

Prairie View A&M University

Southwestern Adventist University

Tarleton State University

University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio

University of Texas at El Paso

University of Texas at Tyler

Wayland Baptist University at San Antonio

West Texas A & M University

Career Options

As per the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), it is expected that the growth rate of nurses will reach 22 percent through the year 2018. This rate represents the need for nearly 590,000 nurses in all areas of the country due to the continuing aging of the population, the serious doctor shortage, as well as to replace those nurses who retire.

Graduates of Texas LVN to BSN programs are may accept a diverse range of nursing jobs within various areas of specialization, to include pediatric and adult care, gerontology (elder care), women’s health,  oncology (cancer-care),  and intensive care.

Common employers with median salary ranges (as per BLS) are:

• Corporate health offices                                       $68,160
• Private physician offices                                       $67,290
• Medical and surgical hospitals                              $63,880
• Home health agencies                                           $63,300
• Nursing facilities                                                   $59,320

It is important to note that the above figures represent median salaries and that actual earnings depend on geographic location, with urban areas paying higher salaries than rural, specific job title (nurses within emergency and intensive care departments tend to earn higher salaries than nurses in pediatric care or family medicine), along with any certifications held.

LVN to BSN Programs in Texas – Selected Reviews

West Texas A & M University:

West Texas A & M University is located in Canyon, Texas, approximately 15 miles south of Amarillo.  West Texas A & M University offers BSN nursing programs including the Major in Nursing – Licensed Vocational Nurse Degree Completion (Major Code 713).  This program offers licensed vocational nurses the ability to earn credit for nursing skills and for previous education and work experience.  The program offers a reduced BSN degree to those who prove their skills.  This advanced standing is available to LVN students who currently hold a nursing license.  All students, including LVN students, must take a pre-admission exam.  Refer to the Advanced Placement and Credit by Examination section of the catalog.

Tarleton State University:

Tarleton State University is located in Killeen, Texas.  The School of Nursing at TSU offers an excellent nursing program with various BSN degrees available.  TSU is accredited by the Board of Nursing for the State of Texas as well as the Commission on Collegiate Nursing Education (CCNE).  TSU offers bridge programs that provide LVN nursing students with credit for their prior education and work experience.  The BSN program is shortened for these students.  LVN students must have a current nursing license in order to qualify for the program.

Angelo State University

The Angelo State University Department of Nursing in San Angelo, Texas, offers many nursing degrees including the LVN to BSN program.  The program is designed to streamline the BSN degree by giving credit to LVNs with clinical nursing experience.  It allows students to complete upper-level core nursing courses in a little as 12 months. Nursing students have access to the high-fidelity simulation laboratory, a high-tech nursing lab that simulates real-world settings to allow students to practice and learn nursing techniques.

University of Texas

The University of Texas in Tyler has a strong nursing program.  The LVN to BSN track offers licensed vocational nurses a program to obtain their BSN degree in a shorter time period.  The program offers a combination of clinical and classroom study.  After graduation, students are prepared to take the NCLEX-RN exam to become licensed.  The LVN program gives advanced placement credit for clinical experience to nurses.  The accelerated program allows LVN to BSN in three years.

LVN to BSN Programs in California

Licensed vocational nurses (LVNs) in California may begin a career as a fully registered nurse on an accelerated basis through participation in a LVN to BSN program. Due to an increased appreciation of credentials among employers in all types of health care settings, registered nurses with a bachelor’s degree are much preferred for entry-level positions over those nurses possessing a diploma or associate’s degree. Graduates of LVN to BSN programs are able to accept nursing jobs that offer autonomy challenge, responsibility, along with increased earnings.

Overview of  LVN to BSN Bridge Programs in California

LVN to BSN bachelor degree programs are (often known as “bridge” degree programs) allow LVNs to apply directly to bachelor degree program without first having to complete an associate in nursing degree (ASN or ADN).  While associate degree program focus on providing a foundation in basic nursing practice, bachelor programs focus on instructing students in advanced patient care, health evaluation, care planning, and management theory. The focus on management principles arises from the recognition by many BSN programs that graduates will seek to advance their career in supervisory and management positions .

LVN to BSN programs are considered to be accelerated for two primary reasons: 1) students are expected to have taken certain prerequisite coursework prior to entry and to have accrued relevant work experience. In each instance, students may be provided transfer credit that will reduce the total number of credits required in the BSN program; and 2) students enrolled in LVN to BSN programs will take a heavier course load per semester than will students enrolled in traditional BSN programs. Full-time students may complete the LVN to BSN program within three years while working nurses who attend on a part-time schedule will need up to four years or more to finish the degree.

Licensing and Advanced Education

After graduating from an LVN to BSN program in California, students may take the National Council Licensure Examination for Registered Nurses (NCLEX-RN) administered by the National Council for State Boards of Nursing (NCSBN).

Admission Requirements

Admission to LVN to BSN  programs in California (CA) is somewhat selective with applicants needing to meet several criteria. Entrance requirements include possession of a high school diploma or general equivalency diploma (GED), a current and unrestricted LVN license, letters of recommendation from former instructors or current supervisors, along with a cumulative GPA of 3.0 or higher from your diploma program. Students must also present certain prerequisite coursework such as human anatomy and physiology, microbiology, basic chemistry, pharmacology, nutrition, as well as ethical issues in nursing practice. Some LVN to BSN programs also require candidates to submit scores from such standardized tests as the ACT or SAT.

LVN to BSN Program Curriculum

Bachelor’s programs provide in-depth study of nursing practice to prepare students to assume advanced patient care responsibilities upon graduation. Core coursework will commonly include:

• Biochemistry and organic chemistry I and II
• Nursing theory and advanced practice
• Health evaluation and patient care planning
• Pediatric and adult nursing care
• Principles of family medicine
• Nursing management theory and practice
• Statistics in nursing practice
• Advanced medical terminology
• Patient and family communication skills

During the clinical part of the LVN to BSN program, students will have the opportunity to assume many of the responsibilities typically carried out by RNs. The clinical practicum will be offered in a variety of healthcare settings, to include medical and rehabilitation hospitals, outpatient clinics, home health agencies, nursing homes, and private physician offices.

Students may participate  in LVN-BSN programs in a traditional campus-based formats or via distance learning options. Students who elect to participate in distance learning programs will still need to complete a clinical practicum in patient care at a local healthcare facility or agency.

Many RNs who have graduated from LVN to BSN programs in California choose to further their education by enrolling in master’s level study. Master of Science in Nursing (MSN) programs prepare graduates to start a career as advanced practice nurse in a variety of specialty areas, such as nurse anesthetists, nurse mid-wives, and nurse practitioner.

Selecting a LVN to BSN Program in California

When researching LVN-BSN programs in California, be sure the program has been accredited by the National League of Nursing Accreditation Commission (NLNAC) or Commission on Collegiate Nursing Education (CCNE).  Both agencies have been recognized by the U.S. Department of as official accreditation bodies for nursing education at the diploma, associate’s, bachelor’s, master’s and doctorate levels. Graduating from an accredited LPN to BSN program will ensure that your diploma is recognized by the California State Board of Nursing which will issue your registered nurse (RN) license.

Accredited LVN to BSN programs in California as per the American Association of Colleges of Nursing

American University of Health Sciences

Azusa Pacific University

Biola University

California State University – San Marcos

California State University-Chico

California State University-Fullerton

California State University-Long Beach

California State University-Northridge

California State University-Sacramento

California State University-Stanislaus

Dominican University of California

Holy Names University

Humboldt State University

Loma Linda University

Mount Saint Mary’s College

Dillard University

Point Loma Nazarene University

San Jose State University

University of California-Los Angeles

West Coast University

Career Options

As per the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), the growth rate for registered nurses is anticipated to be 22 percent through the year 2018 with the need for an additional 589,000 nurses in all areas of the country. This demand arises from the continuing aging of the population with their increased needs for medical services, along with the serious doctor shortage across the country with nurses be the primary caretakers in many underserved areas.

Graduates of LVN to BSN in California programs are eligible for a wide range of nursing employment in many areas of specialization, such pediatric and adult care, family medicine, gerontology (elder care), reproductive health,  emergency medicine, oncology (cancer-care),  and cardiology.

Popular employers  with median salaries (as per BLS) are:

• Corporate health offices                                       $68,160
• Private physician offices                                       $67,290
• Medical and surgical hospitals                              $63,880
• Home health agencies                                           $63,300
• Nursing facilities                                                   $59,320

Note that the above figures are median earnings and actual salary will depend on your geographic location, job title and specialty area ( intensive care and emergency nurses tend to be paid higher than those who work in pediatrics or adult health), years of experience, and certifications held.

LVN to BSN Programs in California – Selected Reviews

California State University:

California State University offers the BSN program at several campus locations including Los Angeles, Long Beach, and Sacramento.  CSU is known for their excellent nursing program.  They offer plenty of options including bridge programs for those nurses with practical experience.  The BSN bridge program may be completed in three years of less depending on your previous education and experience.  Applicants must meet the general requirements and must show proof of current license.

Dominican University:

Dominican University Nursing School offers BSN programs and LVN to BSN bridge programs.  Those who qualify may start the BSN program at the sophomore level.  Dominican University is located about 12 miles north of the Golden Gate Bridge in Marion County, California.  Nursing students are required to take the TEAS (Test of Essential Academic Skills) and must meet a minimum score in order to be eligible to enter the program.  Additionally, students who are in the nursing program must remain in good academic standing to stay in the program.

San Diego State University School of Nursing:

The San Diego State University School of Nursing is located in San Diego, California.  The school of nursing offers nursing programs including BSN and MSN degrees.  The program offers credit for previous coursework and offers flexible class schedules for those nurses who are working while taking the program.  Students must meet criteria for the program and must contact the nursing department to get special program planning and advising before signing up for classes.

Holy Names College School of Nursing:

Holy Names College offers a BSN program and LVN to BSN bridge program.  Holy Names College is located in Oakland, California.  The Nursing School is accredited by the Commission on Collegiate Nursing Education (CCNE).  The LVN to BSN program is offered on campus.  Classes meet in late afternoons and evenings to allow nurses to work while completing the program. The LVN to BSN program is completed in 2 ½ years of continuous study (including summer sessions).

West Coast University

West Coast University offers LVN to BSN programs at several of their locations.  The courses provide students flexibility with both on-campus and optional online instruction.  Students receive credit for clinical nursing experience and prior education.  The program allows students to attain their BSN degree in slightly under three years. Locations include Los Angeles, Ontario, and Orange County campuses in California.  Licensed vocational nurses must have a current license and must meet general admission requirements to enter the program.

Pacific Union College

Pacific Union College in Angwin, California, offers nursing degrees and bridge programs including a LVN to BSN program.  Licensed vocational nurses with clinical experience can gain credits for their knowledge to reduce the length of time to complete the BSN degree.  The “second step” program accommodates working professionals.  Courses may be taken full or part time and students are able to schedule their own clinical schedules.  Nursing students must meet general admission requirements and must provide current licensing proof.  Students are able to attain a BSN in two to three years.

LVN to RN Programs

LVN to RN programs are accelerated courses of study that permit a working Licensed Vocational Nurse (LVN) to advance their education so they may apply for registered nurse (RN) careers offering challenge, responsibility, along with attractive salaries. While LVN diploma programs can be completed within one year, it will take from three to four years of intensive study to complete most LVN to RN bridge programs, depending on whether you enroll in an associate or bachelor’s program and whether you attend on a full- or part-time basis.

Associates Degree LVN to RN Programs

Associate degree LVN to RN programs are tailored toward licensed vocational nurses (LVNs) who wish to earn assume registered nurse staff positions that will provide them the opportunity to develop advanced patient care skills. The clinical part of the program will permit students to gain experience in a variety of health care settings, including hospitals, outpatient centers, nursing facilities, and private physician offices. Students will learn common medical terminology, as well as patient/family communication skills. LVN to RN programs may be completed within a traditional classroom environment, via online study, or a combination of both. Important to note is that even online programs will require students to participate in a clinical practicum within a local healthcare facility.

Admission Prerequisites

Most LVN to RN bridge programs are fairly selective with regard to admission requirements. This means that students will need to meet minimum criteria to be considered for entry.  All programs will require that applicants possess a valid and unrestricted LVN license. Other requirements will include a minimum GPA from your LVN diploma program (typically 3.0 or higher) as evidenced by an official transcript, possession of a high school diploma or general equivalency diploma (GED), as well as letters of recommendation from former instructors or supervisors. Many LVN to RN programs require scores form such standardized tests as the ACT or SAT.

LVN to RN Program Curriculum

The curriculum of LVN to RN programs provides students with a strong foundation in the sciences, as well as nursing theory and practice. Typical coursework in associate degree programs include:

• Microbiology
• Human anatomy and physiology
• Chemistry
• Clinical pharmacology
• Pediatric and adult health
• Professional ethics in nursing practice
• Ethics for nurses (e.g. patient confidentiality)

Examination for Licensing and Continuing Education

Graduates of accredited  LVN to RN programs are eligible to sit for the National Council Licensure Examination for Registered Nurses (NCLEX-RN) administered by the National Council for State Boards of Nursing (NCSBN.org). Many registered nurses with an associate’s decide to further their education and purse a bachelor of science in nursing degree (BSN) to be eligible for career advancement  and higher earnings.

LVN to RN Programs: Bachelor Degree

LVN to RN bachelor’s programs (commonly called “bridge” programs) confer a bachelor of science in nursing (BSN) degree. The mission of bachelor’s level LVN to RN programs is to prepare students to assume positions in advanced nursing practice, as well as leaderships roles. BSN degree programs also prepare students to apply for master’s level study within nursing or other allied health field.  Because applicants to LVN-RN bachelor programs have prior education and experience within the nursing sector, credit may be waived for certain coursework allowing students to complete the program on an accelerated basis of three to four years depending on whether students attend on a full- or part-time basis.

Admission Requirements

Applicants to LVN to RN Bachelor degree programs must possess a valid and unrestricted LVN license.  Additional entrance requirements are somewhat similar to those of associate degree programs in that applicants need to have either an high school diploma or GED, a minimum cumulative GPA of 3.0 or higher from the LVN diploma program, along with letters of recommendation from instructors in the diploma program or current supervisors. Many BSN programs also require standardized test scores fromthe ACT or SAT and for applicants to have successful passed certain prerequisite science courses.

BSN Program Curriculum:

In contrast to associate degree programs, the course of study within BSN programs will emphasize nursing theory and advanced practice, to include patient assessment and treatment planning. Students will also be exposed to management principles in the anticipation that many graduates will assume positions of leadership. Common areas of study include:

• Human anatomy and physiology
• Biochemistry and organic chemistry
• Microbiology
• Patient assessment and treatment  planning
• Pediatric and adult health care
• Nursing theory and advanced  practice
• Nursing management and leadership

Choosing an LVN to RN Program

The most important criteria when selecting an LVN to RN program is to ensure that the program is accredited by the National League of Nursing Accreditation Commission (NLNAC).  The NLNAC has been recognized by the U.S. Department of Education as the official accreditation agency for nursing education at the diploma, associate, bachelor, master’s, and doctorate levels. Attending an accredited program will ensure that your degree will be recognized by your State Board of Nursing which issues your registered nurse license. You can contact your state board of nursing for a listing of accredited programs in your area. Contact information may be found on the Web site of the National Council of State Boards of Nursing (NCSBN.org)

Career Options

Graduates of LVN to RN programs at both the associate and bachelor degree levels are eligible to apply for a broad array positions in diverse specialty areas, such as oncology (cancer care), pediatrics, family medicine, reproductive health and obstetrics, and neurology. Popular places of employment include:

• Medical and surgical hospitals
• Private and group physician offices
• Nursing facilities and assisted living centers
• Home health care agencies
• Elementary and high schools, as well as colleges
• Corporate health departments

Career Outlook and Earnings

It has been predicted that through to 2018 there will be a need for approximately 590,000 additional nurses to meet the health care needs of an aging population.  According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), this represents an anticipated rate of growth of growth of the 22 percent, a much faster rate of growth than is the case with most other occupational categories.

The BLS reports that the median annual wages for registered nurses across all specialty area were $62,450. In the same period, the middle 50 percent earned in the range of $51,640to $76,570. The lowest 10 percent of RNs earned $43,410 or less, while the highest 10 percent of Registered Nurses earned in excess of $92,240.

.Median salaries with top-paying employers: (as per BLS)

• Corporate Health Services: $68,160
• Private physician offices:  $67,290
• General medical and surgical hospitals: $63,880
• Home health care agencies: $63,300.
• Nursing facilities: $59,320

LVN to RN Programs – Selected Reviews

San Joaquin Valley College:

San Joaquin Valley College is an accredited private junior college with nine campuses located in California.  SJVC offers a LVN to RN bridge program for qualified students.  Eligible students must have a current LVN license and current CPR certification as well as a cumulative GPA of at least 2.0 on all post-secondary coursework.  The bridge program begins in January, with an application deadline of October.  Students can complete the program in 50 weeks, receiving an associate’s degree in nursing.  The program provides graduates with the preparation required to pass the NCLEX-RN exam to become a registered nurse.

Florida Hospital College of Health Sciences:

Florida Hospital College of Health Sciences offers educational programs for students in the medical field.  The primary focus of FHC is on medical careers to provide students with high quality resources and education in their career of choice. FHC offers LVN students with a bridge program that can be completed more quickly.  The program allows for students with nursing experience and training to apply that knowledge to their educational program.  The nursing program prepares the nursing student for the NCLEX-RN exam to become a registered nurse. The campus is located in downtown Orlando, Florida.

Chabot College:

Chabot College is located in Hayward, California.  Chabot College offers many nursing programs including the LVN to RN bridge program.  The program is designed to assist Licensed Vocational Nurses to achieve eligibility to sit for the National Council Licensing Examination for Registered Nurses (NCLEX – RN). LVN to RN classes provide students with courses that cover a variety of essential topics that will be on the exam, while also helping nurses by giving them knowledge and skills useful in their profession.  The program combines both classroom and clinical studies.

Mendocino College:

Mendocino has an accredited LVN to RN bridge program that is tailored towards students interested in furthering their nursing careers.  LVN to RN program courses cover issues of role transition, concepts of diagnostics for nurses, patho-physiology, and critical thinking concepts. Graduates will be prepared to take required examinations including the NCLEX-RN exam to attain licensing.  The bridge program offers nurses the ability to receive credit for their previous education and nursing knowledge and experience.  The program is completed on campus, located in Ukiah, California.

Mission College

The LVN to RN program is available at Mission College in Santa Clara, California.  The Registered Nursing LVN to RN program is for licensed vocational nurses to transition to an Associate Degree in Nursing.  The program admits one new class per year.  The role transition class takes place in the summer, with program classes continuing in the fall semester.  The curriculum meets the California Board of Registered Nursing requirements.  The program requires students to complete 72 hours of general education, California Board of Registered Nursing (BRN) required training content,  and all the necessary pre-requisite courses before being awarded an Associate degree in Nursing (ADN). You will then be able to prepare to take the NCLEX-RN exam to become a registered nurse.

National University

National University offers the LVN to RN transition program through its campus location in Rancho Bernardo, California.  Licensed Vocational Nurses may complete the “30-Unit Option” that allows them to take the licensure examination after completion.  The program offers a way to effectively reduce the time necessary to complete a preparation program by offering credit for clinical nursing experience.  Students must meet all the requirements for admission and must hold an active license.  Students are accepted and enrolled when spaces become available.

Prospective students are responsible for providing proof of admission requirements and submitting additional required documents related to the application process. When a complete application file is received, the applicant takes entrance assessment exams, writes a personal goal statement and meets with the Registered Nursing Program Director and faculty committee for a personal interview. Final selection is based on points earned in the admission process.  You can access the application and admission packet for the LVN to RN Program online.

LPN to BSN Programs

LPN to BSN programs are tailored toward working Licensed Practical Nurses (LPNs) who wish to further their education in order to become eligible for nursing positions that offer a greater degree of responsibility, career advancement, along with higher earnings. Most LPN to BSN programs will require three to four years of intense study in order to graduate.

Overview of  LPN to BSN Bridge Programs

LPN to BSN bachelor degree programs (also known as “bridge” programs) enable LPNs to apply directly to bachelor level programs without the need to have first completed an associate’s degree in nursing (ASN or ADN). While most associate degree in nursing programs emphasize the technical aspects of nursing practice,  the emphasis of bachelor degree programs is on nursing theory and advanced patient care. It is expected that graduates of bachelor-level programs will transition from hands-on care into supervisory and management roles.

In contrast to traditional BSN programs, LPN to BSN programs accept only those students with prior education and experience in nursing or related career for which they may receive transfer credit. This combined with the fact that students in LPN to BSN programs carry a heavier course load per semester than do students enrolled in traditional program, are the two primary reasons that LPN to BSN programs are referred to as accelerated degrees. While it may be possible to complete the program in two years of full-time study, it can take up to three years or more for those working nurses who attend on a part-time basis.

Licensing and Advanced Education

Graduates of  LPN-to-BSN programs are eligible to take the National Council Licensure Examination for Registered Nurses (NCLEX-RN) administered by the National Council for State Boards of Nursing (NCSBN.org).

Admission Requirements

Applicants to LPN-to-RN bachelor programs must possess a current and unrestricted LPN license. Additional admission requirements include possession of either a high school diploma or general equivalency diploma (GED), graduation from the LPN diploma program with a minimum cumulative GPD of 3.0 or higher, along with letters of reference from instructors or current supervisors. It is also expected that applicants will have completed certain science prerequisite coursework as part of the diploma program. Such coursework includes human anatomy and physiology, microbiology,  chemistry, clinical pharmacology, as well as ethics in nursing. Most LPN-to-BSN programs also require scores from such standardized tests as the ACT or SAT.

Bachelor Degree Coursework:

BSN programs provide in-depth instruction with regard to patient assessment and treatment planning.  Students will also take classes in nursing management theory and practice. Typical coursework includes:

• Biochemistry and organic chemistry
• Advanced nursing practice and nursing theory
• Health assessment and planning
• Pediatric and adult nursing
• Nursing management theory and practice
• Statistics in health care

The clinical portion of the bachelor’s degree will expose students to advanced nursing practice in diverse healthcare settings such as medical and surgical hospitals, rehabilitation hospitals, outpatient clinics, surgery centers, nursing facilities and private doctor offices. Students will also learn advanced medical terminology, as well as patient/family education and communication. LPN-to-BSN programs are offered in traditional campus-based settings, as well as through distance learning programs. However, all distance learning programs will require that students participate in hands on clinical training in patient care.

Many graduates of LPN to BSN programs choose to advance their education by pursuing a master’s degree in a specific area of nursing. Master of Science in Nursing (MSN) programs prepare graduates to assume positions as advanced practice nurses (nurse practitioners, nurse anesthetists, nurse mid-wives, etc.) and assume senior management roles.

Choosing a LPN-to-BSN Program

When researching LPN-BSN programs you want to ensure that they have been accredited by the National League of Nursing Accreditation Commission (NLNAC) or Commission on Collegiate Nursing Education (CCNE).  The U.S. Department of Education has recognized both agencies as official accreditation bodies for nursing education within the United States.

Graduating from an accredited LPN-to-BSN program will ensure that your degree will be recognized by your State Board of Nursing which issues your registered nurse (RN) license.  Contact your state board to obtain a listing of approved programs. Contact information for state boards of nursing may be found on the Web site of the National Council of State Boards of Nursing (NCSBN.org).

Career Options

Employment prospects are very bright for LPN to BSN program graduates. Research has shown that BSN-prepared nurses are highly preferred for entry-level RN positions among employers in all types of healthcare settings. According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), the anticipated growth of the nursing profession is predicted to be 22 percent through the year 2018, representing a much faster rate of growth than for most other occupations.  During the ten-year period from 2008 to 2018, it is expected that there will be a need for nearly 590,000 additional nurses. This demand arises from two primary factors: 1) the continuing aging of the population; and 2) the severe doctor shortage in all areas of the country.

Graduates of LPN-to-BSN programs are eligible to assume a diverse range of nursing jobs within various specialties such as pediatric nursing, adult health, gerontology (elder care) oncology (cancer-care), women’s health and emergency care.  Common employers include:

• Corporate health offices
• Medical and surgical hospitals
• Private doctor offices
• Nursing facilities
• Home health agencies
• Elementary and high schools

Median salary ranges with top-paying employers: (as per BLS)

• Corporate Health Services $68,160
• Private physician offices:  $67,290
• General medical and surgical hospitals: $63,880
• Home health care agencies: $63,300.
• Nursing facilities: $59,320

Keep in mind that these figures represent median earnings with actual income dependent on a number of factors, to include geographic location (urban areas tend to pay more than rural), job title, years of experience, and certifications held.

LPN to BSN Programs – Selected Reviews

Eastern Kentucky University:

Located in Richmond, Kentucky, EKU offers LPN to BSN programs on campus.  LPNs seeking to continue their education can apply for the Bachelor of Science Nursing program.  LPNs may receive credit for their prior work experience and education.  This will reduce the length of time necessary to complete the program.  The LPN to BSN program prepares students for high paying nursing careers.  Upon completion of the program, students receive a BSN degree and are prepared to take the NCLEX-RN exam to become registered nurses.  Students may elect to continue on with their studies if they desire, by entering a MSN program after graduation.

Lakeview College of Nursing:

Located in Danville, Illinois, Lakeview College of Nursing offers high quality nursing programs including an LPN to BSN bridge program.  The college provides special tracks for those who are already working in the nursing profession.  Licensed Practical Nurses (LPN) may receive credit for previous education and nursing experience.  There are proficiency exams and exemptions that are available to apply your working knowledge to the program to reduce the amount of time it takes to get your degree.  Students are evaluated and must take proficiency exams.  The LPN to BSN program graduates are prepared for a nursing career and are ready to take the NCLEX-RN exam to become licensed.

University of Pikeville:

The University of Pikeville is located in Pikeville, Kentucky.  It offers undergraduate and graduate programs in specialized areas including nursing.  The University of Pikeville offers Associate Degrees in Nursing (ADN) and Bachelor of Science in Nursing degree (BSN) as a bridge completion program.  Completion programs allow students with previous education and nursing experience to gain advanced placement towards achieving a degree.  The program prepares nurses for important nursing positions and readies them to take the NCLEX-RN exam after graduation.  There are various nursing specialty programs available for those in the program.

Winston-Salem State University

Winston-Salem State University in North Carolina offers many nursing programs through its School of Health Sciences.  The LPN-BSN program is for licensed practical nurses who want to attain a Bachelor of Science degree in nursing.  Candidates must have a current LPN license in the state of North Carolina.  Students will receive credit for previous education and experience to reduce the length of time in the traditional BSN program.  WSSU is one of the largest nursing schools in North Carolina.

Union University:

Located in Jackson, Tennessee, Union University School of Nursing has a LPN –BSN program option for licensed practical nurses who wish to pursue their Bachelor of Science degree in nursing.  The program allows the LPN to BSN student to complete their degree in four semesters.  The program requires 64 hours of courses towards the BSN degree. Students are given credit for their professional knowledge as well as their clinical nursing experience.  Students must apply by March 1 for acceptance the following fall and must meet other Union University admission requirements.

Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner Programs

A Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner (PNP), may also be known as a Mental Health Nurse Practitioner and is an advanced practice nurse who holds a Master of Science in Nursing degree (MSN). Additionally, having extensive clinical training in psychiatric nursing is what sets them apart from other nursing professionals.

Psychiatric Nurse Practitioners provide a range of mental health services to patients of all ages.  Their work includes assessment, diagnosis, prevention and management of psychiatric disorders and symptoms.

Admission Requirements for Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner Programs

While specific admission criteria may vary among specific programs, typical entrance requirements include the possession of a bachelor in nursing degree (BSN) from an undergraduate program that has received accreditation from the Commission on Collegiate Nursing Education or the National League for Nursing Accrediting Commission.

Most schools will require that you graduated the BSN program with a minimum cumulative GPA of 3.0.  Applicants must also possess a valid and unrestricted state RN license. Some program may also require that applicants submit scores from the Graduate Record examination (GRE) or Miller Analogies test (MAT), especially if your overall GPA is less than 3.0, along with official undergraduate college transcripts, letters of recommendation and essay regarding your career goals.

Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner Curriculum

Those students who attend on a full time basis can expect to complete the degree in eighteen to twenty four months. There are also accelerated programs that will enable you to complete the program at a faster pace by taking a heavier course load each semester and participating in summer study. Employed nurses may also attend on a part time basis fitting classes into their work and family responsibilities. This will extend the time necessary to complete the degree to three years or more.

Most psychiatric nurse practitioner programs will include a core course component which every student, regardless of specialty, will take. These courses include research and statistics, healthcare ethics, nurse informatics (electronic recording of patient data), health policy planning, health economics, public health nursing, as well as leadership for nurses.

At the completion of core coursework, students will take courses within their specialty track. A sample Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner Program curriculum is provided below.

Core and Specialty Coursework:

Accreditation of Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner Programs

As you research master’s programs be sure to confirm that the school has received accreditation from the National League of Nursing Accreditation Commission (NLNAC) or the Commission on Collegiate Nursing Education (CCNE). Both agencies are recognized by the U.S. Department of Education as official accreditation bodies for nursing education in the United States.  Accreditation is important as it signifies that you will receive a quality education as determined by program offerings, faculty experience and background, clinical opportunities, as well as student resources.

Tuition and Financial Aid

Tuition costs will vary among type of school. Students who attend an in-state school will pay less than those who attend an out-of-state school or private university. For example, in-state tuition is about $12,000 with out-of-state tuition about $15,000. Tuition at private colleges and universities will cost approximately $60,000. Online schools, having reduced overhead costs, also tend to offer lower tuition costs than many private institutions. Related expenses include textbooks, supplies (e.g. uniforms), lab fees, commuting expenses, as well as Internet usage (especially for those attending an online program).

There are various types of financial aid available in the form of scholarships, grants, and student loans.  The first step is to complete the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA) to determine your eligibility for each type of aid.  Working nurses may also be eligible for  tuition assistance from their employer. Graduate nursing students may be eligible for additional assistance through a variety of federally-based programs. Below is a sampling of assistance offered through the Bureau of Health Professions:*

Requirements for Online Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner Programs 

Online psychiatric nurse practitioner programs are for advanced practice registered nurses. Psychiatric mental health nursing is a specialty that APRNs can enter by pursuing a master’s degree in psychiatric nursing. In order to be eligible for these programs, nurses must have a bachelor’s degree in nursing, and have passed their NCLEX-RN to become a registered nurse. APRNs who already have a master’s degree may be able to enter a certificate program that will give them the same background as a full master’s degree in psychiatric nursing, without requiring some classes that are redundant from one nursing master’s program to the next.

After graduating from this program, some psychiatric nurses may wish to further specialize into areas like forensic psychology, or child psychology. There are plenty of continuing education and certification programs available for psychiatric nurse practitioners looking for a way to further advance their education.

Finding an Online Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner Program

Online education programs often come under some scrutiny, since their popularity has led to a lot of online “schools” that essentially churn out diplomas to anyone willing to pay for them. As a result, nurses can’t assume that every online psychiatric nurse practitioner program is worth pursuing. Even if a program claims to be Board of Nursing-approved in the student’s home state, they may not always be telling the whole truth. Unfortunately, graduates of these programs aren’t allowed to sit for their state’s licensure examinations, and can have a hard time finding work in their specialization.

The good thing is, this problem can be easily avoided if nurses go to their state Board of Nursing for help. The Board is responsible for maintaining lists of approved nursing programs, and can give students a list of which programs the state recognizes as being worthwhile. If students choose an online psychiatric nurse practitioner program from the Board of Nursing’s list of approved programs, they shouldn’t have any trouble going on to pass any required nursing licensing examinations, and finding a job in a mental health facility.

Reasons to Get a Degree in Psychiatric Nursing

Psychiatric nursing offers nurses an innovative way to approach mental healthcare. Nurses have an approach to medicine that sets them apart from doctors and psychiatrists- much more of an emphasis is placed on things like preventative measures, and many nurse practitioners end up becoming holistic healthcare providers. So, if you are fascinated by psychiatry, but prefer nursing’s approach to medicine, then getting a degree in psychiatric nursing may be an excellent career move for you.

The nursing industry is also suffering from a lack of nurses with advanced degrees. Many schools don’t have enough educators to teach advanced nursing programs, and a lot of states have chosen to emphasize graduating RNs and LPNs over advanced practice registered nurses. Therefore, as an APRN, you’ll have a lot of job opportunities available to you. With an advanced degree in psychiatric nursing, you can have your own office, work for a hospital, work for a mental health clinic, function as a counselor for prisons or detention centers, or become an educator.

Online psychiatric nurse practitioner programs give nurses a means to further their education in a convenient, inexpensive way. Considering how badly most states’ medical facilities need nurses with advanced degrees, these online programs may be the wave of the future when it comes to turning out qualified advanced practice registered nurses.

Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner Job Description & Scope of Practice
A psychiatric nurse practitioner is a nursing position that often practices in conjunction with a psychiatrist.  The PNP is an advanced nurse who has specific training in the area of psychiatry.  The PNP position combines nursing with mental health care and requires a high level of education and compassion.  Nurses with a high degree of training and experience are necessary in many areas of psychiatrics.

A PNP is sometimes known as a psychiatric mental health nurse.  The nurse practitioner specializes in treating patients with psychiatric disorders.  This nursing position may work with a doctor, or the NP may have his or her own practice.  The nurse is able to deal with many types of potential patient problems including depression, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia.  This is a challenging career with many potential roles, but also a rewarding one.  The PNP attends to patients, educates patients about mental health issues, works with families of patients to assist them in learning how to care for their family member, administers and monitors medication, and assists with the diagnosis of mental illness.

How to Become a Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner

Nurses working in the area of psychiatry require advanced degrees. The path to take may be a very personal one.  For instance, some may start out as nurses and decide to increase their education to become a nurse practitioner, while others may start out as a therapist and decide to go into the nursing side.  The path usually begins with a Bachelor of Science in Nursing from an accredited school.  Upon graduation, you will need to begin gathering work experience.  It is advisable to get at least three years of working experience in the psychiatric area before entering an advanced program.  The nurse practitioner position requires that you obtain a Master’s Degree in Nursing with a specialty in psychiatric nursing.

Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner Education Requirements, Certification, and Schooling Programs

The PNP must start by attaining an undergraduate degree in nursing (Bachelor’s Degree in Nursing, BSN) from an accredited school.  After graduation, you will need to pass the NCLEX-RN exam to become certified and achieve the status of registered nurse (RN).  Additionally, nurses who are interested or who specialize in psychiatric-mental health may want to help advance their networking, leadership potential and continuing education training opportunities by joining the American Psychiatric Nurses Association (APNA).  To become a member of APNA, you will have to apply online.

Nurse practitioners who wish to become certified may do so by obtaining the Psychiatric and Mental Health Nurse Practitioner Certification (PMHNP-BC) through the American Nurses Credentialing Center (ANCC). Successful applicants must have a master’s or post-graduate degree from a mental health practitioner program that is accredited by the Commission on Collegiate Nursing Education (CCNE) plus clinical training in two psychotherapeutic treatment modalities. Those who meet the qualifications and pass the exam receive the Registered Nurse-Board Certified (RN-BC) credential.

Applicants must have two years experience working as a registered nurse, 2,000 hours clinical practice and 30 continuing education hours in psychiatric and mental health to be eligible. The certification exam consists of 175 multiple-choice questions. The ANCC, a subsidiary of the American Nurses Association (ANA), offers study materials and resources for applicants waiting to take the examination. Although certification is voluntary, most employers seek to hire certified individuals. Therefore, certification is not required, but it is highly preferred.

Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner Salary and Career Outlook

Psychiatrics, as with other medical areas, is expected to continue to grow over the next two decades.  The demand for specialized nursing support in this field will increase because of a growing need for advanced psychiatric care.  Much of this care will be handled by nurse practitioners rather than by doctors.  As the baby boomers reach old age, there will be an even greater need for nurses to care for this large group of people who will be living longer than ever.

The salary for this position varies based on experience and education.  In general the PNP can expect to receive an annual salary of between $52.000 and $64,000. 

Top Accredited Programs for Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner Training in the USA

University of California-San Francisco

Yale University

University of Pennsylvania

Rush University

University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill

University of Pittsburgh

University of Maryland-Baltimore

University of Virginia

University of Washington

Vanderbilt University

Pediatric Nurse Practitioner Programs

A Pediatric Nurse Practitioners (PNP) is advanced practice nurse who has obtained a master’s degree and advanced clinical training in pediatric care.  Pediatric nurse practitioners perform many of the same tasks as pediatricians providing preventive and emergency care to children, as well as educating families with regard to nutrition and wellness.

Admission Requirements for Pediatric Nurse Practitioner Programs

Admission requirements vary greatly among specific programs. In general, a bachelor’s degree from an institution accredited by the Commission on Collegiate Nursing education or by the National League for Nursing Accrediting Commission with a minimum GPA of 3.0, along with a current and unrestricted RN license is required. Some schools may also require scores from the Graduate Record examination (GRE) or Miller Analogies test (MAT), along with official college transcripts, and letters of recommendation from former instructors or current supervisors, along with an essay of career goals.

Accreditation of Pediatric Nurse Practitioner Programs

One of the most important factors when selecting a master’s program is that the school be accredited by one of two agencies:  the National League of Nursing Accreditation Commission (NLNAC) or the Commission on Collegiate Nursing Education (CCNE). Both agencies have been recognized by the U.S. Department as the official accreditation bodies for nursing education in the United States.  Accreditation attests to the quality of education you will receive in terms of program offerings, faculty background, student resources, and clinical experiences.

Pediatric Nurse Practitioner Curriculum

Full time master’s degree programs will entail eighteen to twenty four months of study. However, many master level students are working nurses who fit class work into their work schedules, which then extends the time necessary to complete the degree.

Most pediatric nurse programs include core coursework in statistics, research methodology, health assessment and treatment planning, community health and public nursing, health policy, health economics, medical ethics, health education, nursing informatics, extended clinical practice, as well as leadership and management in nursing.

Sample Curriculum Pediatric Nursing*

**Source: http://sklad.cumc.columbia.edu/nursing/programs/pnp.php

Tuition and Financial Aid

Tuition costs vary among schools and depend on whether you attend an in-state or out-of-state school or private college. Online schools also tend to have lower tuition costs due to reduced overhead.

If you attend a state school, tuition will be about $12,000 for in-state residents and approximately $15,000 for out-of-state students. In contrast, private colleges and universities will cost about $60,000. However various financial aid programs in the form of grants, scholarships, and loans are available to all students. In addition, working nurses may be eligible for tuition assistance from their employers.  When calculating full costs of attendance, remember to account for books, supplies (e.g. uniforms), lab fees, commuting expenses, as well as Internet usage.

Requirements for Online Pediatric Nurse Practitioner Programs 

All nurse practitioners are registered nurses, first and foremost. To become a registered nurse and enter a master’s program specializing in pediatric nursing, nurses must have a bachelor’s degree in nursing, and have passed their NCLEX-RN to become a registered nurse. At that point, they can enroll in a master’s program intended to graduate advanced practice registered nurses, and specialize in pediatrics.

Education, licensure, and continuing education requirements are all handled by a state’s Board of Nursing. All Boards of Nursing are slightly different, depending on a state’s needs, so the exact requirements and scope of practice for a pediatric nurse practitioner may vary from state to state. Some may require a master’s degree, some may require a doctorate, and some may not allow an advanced practice registered nurse (APRN) to act as primary caregiver without the assistance of a physician.

Pediatric Nurse Practitioners and Certifications

Graduates of classroom-based or online pediatric nurse practitioner programs can become certified pediatric nurses. Generally, this requires that they have a few years’ worth of experience in the field, so recent graduates may not be eligible for certification. Though Boards of Nursing handle all things nursing related, certification for pediatric nurses is actually performed through the Pediatric Nursing Certification Board. In some states, the Board of Nursing may have determined that this certification is a requirement for practice. In others, it may be optional. Even in areas where pediatric nursing certification isn’t a necessity, it usually still pays to become certified through the PNCB- nurses with this certification are usually more marketable to prospective employers than nurses without it.

Obtaining certification requires pediatric nurse practitioners to have graduated from a Masters, Post-Master’s or Doctorate level pediatric nurse practitioner degree program and pass the PNP certification exam.  This exam is based entirely on education (i.e., graduation from an accredited PNP program) and not on any field experience. In most states, a PNP graduate could not work (and therefore get any PNP experience) without certification first. Maintaining certification usually requires renewal fees, continuing education programs, and occasionally renewal exams.

Choosing the Right Online Pediatric Nurse Practitioner Programs

Not all online pediatric nurse practitioner programs are created equal. Many of them may come from schools that are not approved by your state’s Board of Nursing, and thus won’t make you eligible to practice in your state. Online education is dicey, since there are a lot of programs that attempt to represent themselves as Board-approved, when they aren’t. In situations like that, the attitude of the Board of Nursing is generally that it’s the student’s responsibility to research nursing programs before enrollment. To avoid graduating from a program with a useless degree, you need to take several precautions when it comes to choosing which one to enroll in.

To begin with, make sure that your chosen program is not international. Most states don’t recognize international nursing degree programs. Secondly, don’t take the program’s word for it if they say that they are Board-approved. Your Board of Nursing will be able to give you a list of approved nursing programs in your state, so you can pick from institutions that will definitely allow you to take your licensure examinations and practice after graduation. If you aren’t sure if certain online pediatric nurse practitioner programs are approved, ask them. The Board of Nursing is a nurse’s best resource when it comes to dealing with educational issues.

Online psychiatric nurse practitioner programs may be convenient for nursing students, but it can be hard to find one that’s actually Board-approved. Nonetheless, these programs are worth seeking out for nurses that want to specialize in working with children, since they can give you the opportunity to handle your own pediatrics practice as an APRN.

Top Accredited Programs for Pediatric Nurse Practitioner Training in the U.S.A

University of Pennsylvania

Yale University

University of Washington

University of Pittsburgh

Duke University

University of Colorado

Rush University

University of Colorado – Denver

Columbia University

University of California-San Francisco

University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill

Emory University

Johns Hopkins University

University of Iowa

University of Michigan—Ann Arbor

University of Chicago – Illinois

University of Maryland-Baltimore

Vanderbilt University

Ohio State University

What is a Legal Nurse Consultant?

While opportunities abound in all types of nursing careers, if you would enjoy combining legal work with your nursing background, then legal nurse consulting presents a great option. The field offers entrants the opportunity to be part of a fast-growing industry offering attractive salaries.

But, what is a legal nurse consultant?

Legal Nurse Consultant Job Description & Scope of Practice

A Certified Legal Nurse Consultant (CLNC) is a registered nurse (RN) who combines expertise in nursing practice with specialized legal training in order to consult on medical and health- related legal cases.

Most legal nurse consultants work from home as consultants to legal firms, healthcare facilities, insurance companies, risk management departments of private firms (e.g. pharmaceutical), health maintenance organizations (HMOs), and government agencies.

Entry requirements include possession of a current and unrestricted registered nurse license, significant experience in clinical nursing practice, and specialized training offered in variety of training programs.

Five Areas of responsibility for Legal Nurse Consultants:

Reviewing medical records

Legal nurse consultants review medical records to:

1) determine incidences of professional negligence;
2) summarize the extent of injuries and treatment methods used;
3) identify instances of possible record tampering.

Educate attorneys and others of legal team

Legal nurse consultants educate attorneys and other members of the legal team regarding medical facts, treatment standards, complexities and subtleties of the healthcare systems and how this relates to the present case, and medical terminology. In addition, their combination of medical and legal background permits legal nurse consultants to serve as a communication bridge between the legal system, physicians, and clients involved in the case.

Investigation of Cases

Investigation plays a primary part in the nursing career of legal nurse consulting. As case investigators, legal nurse consultants may provide the following services:

• Investigate disability and compensation claims to determine whether they are based on authentic circumstances.
• Review cases involving possible fraud and abuse of government programs, including Medicare and Medicaid.
• Conduct investigations regarding possible misconduct on the part of healthcare facilities or individual care providers.

Preparing for Trials

For cases that will go to trial, legal nurse consultants prepare medical reports and timeline of medical treatment, as well as charts and graphs.  They may also create questions that attorneys use during depositions, interview parties involved in the case, and prepare witnesses for their testimony.

Providing Expert Witness Testimony

Attorneys may call on legal nurse consultants to provide expert testimony with regard to medical facts and data, as well as their opinions of liability based on the evidence presented. Along with their own testimony, legal nurse consultants may also locate other expert witnesses who can offer insight with particular aspects of the case.

Legal Nurse Consultant Education

Basic requirements to start a nursing career as a legal nurse consultant include the possession of a current and unrestricted registered nurse (RN) license and significant experience in clinical nurse practice (three years or more).

Certification as a legal nurse consultant is available through many certification programs offered in traditional classroom and online study.  One of the oldest and most respected training programs is offered by the Vickie Millazo Institute.

A graduate degree and certification as a legal nurse consultant help establish credibility and competence and may lead to greater employment opportunities and higher salaries.

Career Outlook

Of the over 1.2 million attorneys currently practicing in the United States, about 25 percent focus on the area of healthcare law making the job market for legal nurse consultants very strong in both healthcare-related and legal settings.

Legal Nurse Consultant Salary

Certified nurse consultants typically charge fees raining from $125. To $150. per hour.  As such, their services provide attorneys with a highly cost-effective method for having an expert review medical documentation, interpret medical terminology, and explain the complexities of the healthcare system.

Online Nurse Practitioner Programs

Online nurse practitioner programs provide a highly flexible method for working nurses to pursue a master’s degree in order to advance their career. Nurse practitioners (NP) are registered nurses (RN) who have been trained to diagnose and treat a variety of medical conditions. The focus of most NPs is on health promotion and education, as well as disease prevention.

Benefits of Online Nurse Practitioner Programs

Online nurse practitioner programs were developed with the working nurse in mind. Many working nurses are juggling several responsibilities and find it difficult to commute back and forth to campus so value the opportunity to study online. The growing popularity of online nursing programs at all degree levels has prompted many nursing schools to expand their formats to include this study option.

A second benefit of online programs is that they typically sot lest to attend than do traditional campus based programs. This is because online program have reduced overhead costs in terms of building space and materials.

Selecting an Online Nurse Practitioner Program

While online nursing programs offer several benefits in terms of cost and convenience, you should select a program only after performing some due diligence. The following are some suggested steps to take when researching different programs.

Ensure that the program is accredited

It is very important that you attend a school that has received accreditation by either the National League of Nursing Accreditation Commission (NLNAC) or the Commission on Collegiate Nursing Education (CCNE). These agencies have been approved by the  U.S. Department of Education as official accreditation agencies of nursing education programs. Attending an accredited school validates the quality of education you will receive and ensures that your degree will be accepted by your State Board of Nursing. You will also need to attend an accredited school in order to be eligible for federally-based financial aid.

Know your Learning Style

Not all distance learning programs are the same. Some program stress student independence while others offer a good deal of support and offered in a quasi-campus format with scheduled class times and faculty advising. In general, the greater level of independence a school offer, the greater levels of motivation and self-discipline students must possess.    

Online study does involve teacher and student interaction

Even the more independent programs do include some measure of interaction among faculty and students, as well as student-to-student. There are several ways that this interaction occurs, from message boards to virtually-based advising sessions, discussion groups, live chats, and topic forums. Building relationships with faculty and other students will increase your motivation and focus while also providing a method to get help with challenging material Discussion groups provide a forum to raise opinions and question regarding specific issues brought up “in class.” Connection fosters relationships and sense of community and lifts the sense of isolation that can experience during the course of the program.

Utilize Online Resources

There are many online resources to assist nursing students with coursework, such as medical dictionaries and thesauruses. Students may also utilize search engines such as Google, Ask.com or Yahoo by typing a search term for nearly any medical topic into the browser. In addition, such Web sites as WebMD.com and MayoClinic.com offer a plethora of information regarding a wide variety of medical conditions..

Online Nurse Practitioner Program Admission

For the most part, admission requirements will include graduation form an undergraduate institution that has been accredited by the Commission on Collegiate Nursing Education with a minimum GPA of 3.0; .a valid and unrestricted RN license. Two or three letters of recommendation from instructors or supervisors, résumé or curriculum vita, along with an essay of career goals. Some schools may also require students to submit scores from the Graduate Record examination (GRE) or Miller Analogies Test (MAT).

Online Nurse Practitioner Program  Curriculum

Full time students can expect to complete the program in eighteen to twenty four months. Programs may also be completed on a part time basis which will extend the time to completion to about three or four years.

Core coursework in most online nurse practitioner programs includes medical ethics, health policy planning, health economics, nursing informatics, public health nursing, research and statistics, as well as leadership in nursing. Once core coursework is completed students will then take classes in their specialty area, whether that be Generalist Nurse practitioner (NP); Family Nurse Practitioner (FNP); Pediatric Nurse Practitioner (PNP, or Geriatric Nurse Practitioner (GNP). Specialty coursework will also include advanced clinical practice with targeted patient populations.

Top Online Nurse Practitioner Programs

Georgetown University

Brandman University

Kaplan University

University of Phoenix

American Sentinel University

Drexel University

Grand Canyon University

Capella University

Vanderbilt University

Top Nurse Practitioner Programs in the United States of America – Campus Based

University of California-San Francisco

University of Washington

University of Pennsylvania

University of Michigan – Ann Arbor

Columbia University

Oregon Health and Science University

Johns Hopkins University

Yale University

University of Maryland-Baltimore

University of North Carolina – Chapel Hill

University of Alabama – Birmingham

Duke University

Frontier School of Midwifery and Family Nursing

University of Pittsburgh

University of Colorado – Denver

University of Chicago – Illinois

University of Kentucky

Georgia Southern University

Rush University

Emory University

LPN to ASN Programs

The LPN to ASN (Associate in Science Nursing) program is an accelerated course of study tailored for Licensed Practical Nurses (LPN) who wish to become registered nurses and be provided with additional responsibilities, greater independence, along with higher salaries. After graduation from LPN to ASN programs you will be eligible to take the NCLEX-RN exam administered by the National Council of State Boards of Nursing (NCSB).

Overview of LPN to ASN Bridge Programs

Most LPN to ASN program are two three years in length depending on whether you attend on a full- or part-time basis. LPN to ASN programs focus on hands-on patient care and the technical aspects of nursing practice rather than on nursing theory. The programs are considered accelerated because students may be given credit for their work experience as an LPN, along with coursework they had taken as part of the LPN diploma program.

LPN to ASN program are offered by local community colleges and private vocational schools. Tuition costs are relatively inexpensive but keep in mind that you will also need to pay for textbooks, uniforms, as well as clinical lab fees. There are an array of financial aid programs that can help pay the cost of tuition and supplies. Such assistance may be in the form of grants, scholarships, as well as government loans. It may also be possible for working LPNs to obtain tuition assistance from their employer in the form of reimbursement programs. In most cases you will need to pass the course with a minimum B average to be eligible for reimbursement. You will also need to agree to remain with the employer for a certain period of time upon graduation. If you elect to work in certain rural or inner city areas you may also be eligible for loan forgiveness of a certain portion of our federal student loan.

ASN Curriculum

As noted above, an LPN who enrolld in an associate degree program may have coursework waived in light of work experience or prior coursework taken as part of the LPN diploma program. Make an appointment with the admissions office of any school that interests you and bring your transcript and résumé to obtain an evaluation of transferable credit and professional experience. Typical courses for which you may receive credit include anatomy and physiology microbiology, pharmacology, as well as family and pediatric care. Your current work experience in patient care may satisfy the clinical portion of the program.

Finding Accredited LPN to ASN programs

As you begin to research schools, the most important criteria are that they have received accreditation from the National League of Nursing Accreditation Commission (NLNAC). The NLNAC has been recognized by the U.S. Department of Education as the official accreditation agencies for nursing education on the diploma, associates, bachelor’s, master’s and doctorate degree levels. The benefit of attending an accredited LPN to ASN program is that it will be accepted by your State Board of Nursing which administers the NCLEX-RN exam and issues your registered nurse license. Contact your State Board of Nursing for a list of approved LPN-to ASN programs in your area. You can locate contact information for your state board on the Web site of the .National Council of State Boards of Nursing (NCSBN.org).

Admission LPN to ASN programs

Acceptance to most LPN to ASN bridge programs is somewhat selective with minimum standards that must be met before you may be accepted. Typical requirements include possession of a high school diploma or general equivalency diploma (GED), cumulative GPA of 3.0 or higher in your LPN diploma program with official transcripts, as well as academic and professional references. Contact the admission office for specific requirements and deadlines for application.

Career Options after Graduation form an LPN to ADN Program

Career prospects are excellent for those who graduate from an LPN-ASN program. According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) the nursing sector is expected to increase by 22 percent through the year 2018. This represents a much faster rate of growth than for most other careers.

Graduates of LPN to ASN nursing programs may begin employment as staff nurses within a variety of nursing specialties in different types of settings. Common employers include hospitals, home health agencies, private doctor offices, as well as nursing homes. .

Many registered nurses who graduate from an LPN to ASN program go on to continue their education by pursuing a bachelor’s degree so they may become involved with advanced nursing care. Bachelor programs place a greater focus on nursing theory and practice as they recognize that students are seeking to advance their nursing career into leadership positions.  There are accelerated ASN to BSN programs that are structured very like LPN to ASN programs in that you may be provided with credit for prior studies, as well as work experience.

Students in ASN to BSN programs are also eligible to obtain tuition assistance in the form of scholarships, grants, and loans. Working nurses may be eligible for tuition assistance from their current employers There are also loan forgiveness programs for those who agree tow rok in certain underserved areas. Students may graduate from accelerated BSN programs in about three to four years depending on whether they attend full or part time.

Median salary ranges with top-paying employers: (as per BLS)

• Private physician offices:  $67,290
• General medical and surgical hospitals: $63,880
• Home health care agencies: $63,300.
• Nursing facilities: $59,320

LPN to ASN Programs – Selected Reviews

Santa Fe College:

Santa Fe College is located in Gainesville, Florida.  Santa Fe College offers an Associate of Science in Nursing (ASN) bridge program designed specifically for LPNs or LVNs to attain their ASN degrees.  The bridge program helps students by building on their current nursing skills.  They offer competency placement exams that will demonstrate the student’s current knowledge for proper program placement.  The Associate of Science in nursing program is a two-year program that may be completed more quickly, depending on current competencies.  Upon graduation, the nursing student is prepared to take the licensing exam to become a Registered Nurse (RN).

Grand Canyon University:

Grand Canyon University is located in Arizona.  It offers a 2-year Degree Program to attain an Associate of Science Degree in Nursing (ASN).  It provides programs for students who already have a nursing background with practical experience as an LPN.  The degree prepares the nursing student to take the NCLEX (National Council Licensure Exam).  Upon graduation from the program, the nursing student is ready to become an LPN or RN.  GCU has a School of Nursing that is dedicated to the education of nurses, preparing them for satisfying careers in the medical field.

Lincoln Memorial University:

Lincoln Memorial University is located in Harrogate, Tennessee, about 55 miles north of Knoxville, TN.  The LPN to ASN program at Lincoln Memorial University offers LPNs the ability to complete the ASN program in just three semesters.  The student must enter the program with the minimum required credits in general education courses.  The bridge program offers students an accelerated syllabus.  Students must provide proof of a valid LPN license and will receive two additional credit hours after validation of one year of current work experience as an LPN.

Fairmont State University:

Fairmont State University School of Nursing and Allied Health Administration has two program options for the LPN – ASN degree.  The traditional LPN-ASN program is the best option for new LPN graduates or for students with fewer required support courses under their belts.  The courses are taught on-campus. The non-traditional LPN – ASN program is for students with more nursing experience and offers a combination of on-campus and online courses.  Both programs require 3 semesters of course work.  FSU is located in Fairmont, West Virginia. Classes are limited to 24 students.

Southwest Baptist University:

Located in Bolivar, Missouri, Southwest Baptist University has accredited nursing programs including the LPN to ASN bridge program.  The program is designed for LPNs who are licensed and IV-Certified.  Students must meet the admission criteria and pass the admissions and fundamentals exams.  Nurses who have taken the 29-hour pre-requisite courses may enter the program in the third semester. SBU has been recognized as one of America’s Best Christian Colleges for 14 consecutive years.

North Georgia College & State University:

Located in Dahlonega, Georgia, North Georgia College Department of Nursing offers an accredited LPN bridge program.  The LPN to ASN program allows the student to validate their first two semesters of the ASN program through two core courses.  After successfully completing these courses, the LPN will join the second year of the ASN program.  The bridge program allows students to complete the ASN degree in three semesters or one calendar year.

RN Continuing Education Courses

Nursing is a continuously changing field that requires nurses to renew their skills and update their knowledge with regard to advances in both practice and technology. Many states also require nurses to enroll in continuing education coursework in order to renew their license. Different states will usually have different continuing education requirements related to license renewal.

What Entails Continuing Education?

Contact Hours:  A contact hour may be defined as 50 continuous clock minutes of participation in approved continuing education coursework or related activities (e.g. advanced clinical training to transition into a new specialty area).

Continuing Education Units:  One continuing education unit (CEU) equals 10 contact hours. Most nurse continuing education coursework is measured in CEUs the nurse’s progress in meeting state board regulations. As an example, three classes that total 30 contact hours provide the equivalent of 3 CEUs.

Advantages of RN Continuing Education Courses

While nurse continuing education coursework is necessary in many states in order to renew nursing licenses, there are several additional advantages to participating in such classes. For example, a master’s degree can lead to career advancement and higher salaries (and master’s level coursework does count toward the continuing education requirements).

Beyond career advancement, continuing education will allow you to remain knowledgeable with regard to new developments in the healthcare field and keep current with technological advances. For example, the specialties of nurse informatics, critical care nursing, and intensive care nursing are continuously undergoing advances in practice and technology and it benefits you to remain aware of these changes so you may provide quality care.

State-board Approved Nursing Continuing Education Coursework

Most State Boards of Nursing will accept a wide range of coursework and training activities to fulfill continuing education requirements as long as these are related to the nursing profession. However, because specific requirements do vary it is best to contact your State Board to determine specific criteria. You may find contact information for your State board by visiting the Web site of the National Council of State Boards of Nursing (ncnbn.org/board). State boards will also typically permit nurses to take coursework in related fields provided you can show how these classes relate to your specialty area. Check with your State Board before enrolling in any of this coursework.

In general, the continuing education requirement may not be satisfied by any courses or activities that are directly related to your nursing job description. This means that you cannot fulfill continuing education requirements by providing direct patient care, participating in in-serve training or workshops, participating in the formulation of policy and procedures directly related to your role, or attending department meetings.

Registered nurses will not need to submit proof of continuing education credits unless they are being audited by their state board or renewing their nursing license. Check with your state board to determine the renewal period. Although you do not need to submit proof of continuing education coursework except under special circumstances, it is wise to keep accurate records of all CEUs completed during the past two years.

RN Continuing Education Courses

Nursing Continuing Education Coursework can include a variety of classes, from emergency nursing, home health nursing, pediatrics, psychiatric/mental health nursing, gerontology, nurse informatics, etc. Options include taking a refresher course in your area of specialty to participation in a master’s or post-masters program.

Options for RN Continuing Education Courses

Nurse Continuing Education Coursework is offered in diverse formats such as seminars, workshops, conferences, or classes offered by nursing schools. Continuing education coursework may be completed within traditional campus-based programs or via distance learning programs. Online study offers a convenient option for working nurses who are juggling multiple responsibilities to meet continuing education requirements. Online courses may involved only a few hours per week if taking one or two classes, or one to two years if enrolled n a master’s or post-master’s program.

Regardless of the format in which you take continuing education credits you want to ensure that the credits are approved by the American Nurses Credentialing Center (ANCC) an arm of the American Nurses Association. In most cases, courses approved by the ANCC will be accepted by your state board.

RNs Continuing Education Courses for Advanced Practice Nurses

Registered nurses with a bachelor’s degree in nursing (BSN), associate’s degree in nursing (ADN/ASN), or diploma in nursing may pursue a master’s degree within a traditional classroom program or via distance learning. A master’s degree will permit nurses to assume the role of Advanced Practice Nurse (APRN). Advanced practice nurses include nurse practitioner (NP), clinical nurse specialist (CNS), nurse midwife (NCM), and nurse anesthetist (CRNA). Most master degree programs may be completed in eighteen to twenty four months of full time study or three to four years of pat time study. Coursework taken as part of the master’s program will fulfill continuing education requirements. Typical master’s coursework includes;

• Clinical pharmacology
• Advanced clinical practice in patient care
• Holistic nursing
• Nursing theory and practice
• Health care policy and planning
• Health economics
• Nursing Leadership and Administration
• Health assessment and treatment planning
• Patient care management
• Medical ethics
• Patient  and family education in preventative care and disease management

LPN to ADN Programs

A licensed practical nurse (LPN) who wishes to advance their career, earn a higher salary, and be provided with greater autonomy and additional job responsibilities may wish to enroll in an accelerated LPN to ADN program.  Associate Degree in Nursing (ADN) programs provide licensed practical nurses (LPNs) with the educational foundation to become eligible to sit for the national examination for registered nurses (NCLEX-RN).

Framework of LPN to ADN programs

ADN programs are typically two years in length and are tailored more toward technical skill-set than theoretical knowledge.  An added bonus is that these accelerated programs provide credit for work experience and prior coursework taken within LPN programs so that you may graduate in less time than students with no prior nursing experience or education.

Tuition fees tend to be inexpensive with an average community college program costing no more than two or three thousand dollars. Various financial aid programs exist to help defray the costs of attendance, such as grants, scholarships, and government loans. With regard to loans, there are loan forgiveness programs in which a large portion of your loan may be waived if you decide to work in an under-served area. It may also be possible to obtain tuition assistance from their current employer.  In most cases you will need to remain with  your employer for a certain period of time following graduation.

ADN Coursework

As noted, LPN students that enroll in an LPN to ADN program may be able to have some coursework waived depending on specific course requirements. Speak with the admission office to determine which, if any, of your courses in the LPN program may provide transfer credit. Courses for which transfer credit may be granted include anatomy and physiology, microbiology, chemistry, clinical pharmacology, as well as pediatric and family medicine. Your current work experience may also satisfy the clinical component of  the program.

Locating an LPN to ADN program

The most important consideration is to attend a program that has been approved by the National League of Nursing Accreditation Commission (NLNAC). This agency has been recognized by the  U.S. Department of Education as official accreditation agencies of nursing education The NLNAC accredits diploma, associates, bachelor’s, master’s and doctorate nursing programs, Attending an accredited ADN program ensures that your degree will be recognized by your State Board of Nursing which provides your registered nurse license and administers the NCLEX-RN exam. Contact your State Board of Nursing for a list of approved training programs. You may find the contact information for your State Board on the Web site of the National Council of State Boards of Nursing (NCSBN.org).

Graduation from LPN to ADN programs will typically take from two to three years depending on whether you attend classes on a full or part-time basis, along with how much transfer credit your are provided for previous academic coursework and work experience.

Admission Requirements for LPN to ADN programs

LPN to ADN bridge programs are typically selective with minimum criteria that must be met before acceptance. Such requirements may include possess of a high school diploma or general equivalency diploma (GED), graduation from an LPN program with an acceptable GPA (usually 3.0 or higher), official transcripts, and letters of recommendation from current and former employers. Contact the Admissions Office of all schools you are interested in attending for further information.

Career Options after Graduation form an LPN-to-ADN Program

After you graduate from an LPN-ADN program, your career options are significantly improved. As per the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) the nursing sector is expected to grow by about 22 percent through 2018, much faster than the rate for all other occupations.

Graduates of LPN to ADN nursing programs may accept employment as staff nurses with varied types of healthcare facilities including hospitals, outpatient centers, private doctor offices, as well as nursing homes. A bachelors degree will be need to advance into supervisory and management roles.

Many Registered Nurses (RN) holding an ADN degree later apply to bachelor’s programs so they may become involved with a broader spectrum of nursing practice. As with LPN to ADN programs  there are also accelerated ADN to BSN programs in which students may be provided credit for work experience and prior coursework. These students may also be eligible to receive tuition assistance from their employer. Bachelor-level programs will place greater emphasis on theory and practice of nursing as they are geared toward those nurses who are seeking career advancement into leadership roles. Accelerated BSN programs typically take from three to five years for completion depending on whether you attend on a full or part-time basis.

Median salary ranges with top-paying employers: (as per BLS)

• Private doctor offices:  $67,290
• Medical and surgical hospitals: $63,880
• Home health care agencies: $63,300.
• Nursing homes: $59,320

As noted above, completing and LPN to ADN program will allow nurses to take the National Council Licensure Examination for Registered Nurses (NCLEX-RN) administered by the National Council of State Boards of Nursing (NCSBN) to become fully registered nurses and play are larger role in patient care.

LPN to ADN Programs – Selected Reviews

Madison Area Technical College:

Madison Area Technical College is located in Madison, Wisconsin.  MATC offers an Associate Degree Nursing Program that allows LPNs to bridge to ADNs.  LPNs will receive credit for work experience to achieve advanced standing in the program.  LPNs who meet the minimum requirements may begin the program in the third semester. Students must verify their work experience in a healthcare facility to qualify for work experience credit.  Students must submit an application to be listed for entry to the program.

Piedmont Technical College:

Piedmont Technical College offers a program for Licensed Practical Nurses (LPN) to transition to an Associate Degree in Nursing (ADN).  The typical associate degree program is two years.  The LPN to ADN program is just three semesters.  The curriculum is designed to prepare LPNs to obtain an ADN.  After completing the program the nurse will be able to take the NCLEX-RN exam to become a registered nurse.  Also, students who graduate from the program are eligible to transfer to a four-year BSN program through a university.  Programs have admission criteria that must be met before admission to the clinical phase.

Richland Community College:

Richland Community College offers an LPN to Associate Degree Nursing (ADN) bridge program.  The bridge program offers educational advancement for LPNs who wish to transition to Registered Nurses.   After successful completion of the program the student receives an Associate of Applied Science degree in Nursing (ADN).  The program allows students to get credit for their knowledge and experience to reduce the length of the program.  The program prepares students for the NCLEX-RN exam to become a Registered Nurse.  The program typically takes 3 to 5 semesters to complete depending on the track.  Classes are flexible to allow students to work while completing the program. Richland Community College is located in Decatur, Illinois.

South Suburban College:

South Suburban College is located in South Holland, Illinois.  The college offers a bridging program designed to prepare Licensed Practical Nurses (LPN) to enter the Associate Degree Nursing program (ADN).  The ADN program provides students with the foundation in nursing skills necessary to progress.  Students who complete the program are ready to take the NCLEX-RN exam.  The program is a full-time daytime program offered on-campus, with some classes offered online.  To qualify for the program students must have graduated from a practical nursing program and must hold a current LPN license.

Brevard Community College:

Located in Cocoa, Florida, Brevard Community College offers nursing programs including the LPN to ADN bridge program.  Licensed practical nurses are able to complete their Associate’s Degree in Nursing (ADN) by getting credit for experience and previous education.  The campus offers state-of-the-art classrooms as well as clinical lab facilities where students can practice their skills.  Students must have a current LPN license to join the program.

Arapahoe Community College:

Arapahoe Community College is located in Littleton, Colorado.  The college has a LPN to ADN program for nursing students who are already Licensed Practical Nurses. The program provides an abbreviated way to achieve the Associate’s Degree in Nursing.  Applicants are able to get credit for nursing experience and for prior education in the medical field.  The curriculum includes classroom theory, lab and clinical portions to meet the approved competencies. 

Family Nurse Practitioner Programs

What is a Family Nurse Practitioner?
A Family Nurse Practitioners (FNP) is an advanced practice nurse who has obtained a master’s of science in nursing (MSN) degree, along with advanced clinical training in family care. Family Nurse Practitioners focus on preventative care and health promotion. They perform many of the same duties as family physicians and are trained to diagnose and treat a variety of acute and chronic health conditions in patients of all ages.

Admission Requirements for Family Nurse Practitioner Programs

Although specific admission criteria may vary among different schools, for the most part admission requirements include the possession of a bachelor’s degree from a school that has received accreditation by the Commission on Collegiate Nursing Education or by the National League for Nursing Accrediting Commission. In most cases a minimum cumulative GPA of 3.0 will be required. Applicants must also hold a current and unrestricted RN license in the state where they practice. Specific programs may also require applicants to submit scores from the Graduate Record examination (GRE) or Miller Analogies test (MAT), along with official undergraduate college transcripts, letters of recommendation, and a statement of purpose.

Accreditation of Pediatric Nurse Practitioner Programs

When researching master’s programs be sure the program has received accreditation by one of two agencies: the National League of Nursing Accreditation Commission (NLNAC) or the Commission on Collegiate Nursing Education (CCNE). Each of these agencies has been recognized by the U.S. Department as the official accreditation bodies for nursing education in the United States.  Accreditation is important as it signifies that you will receive a quality education as determined by program curriculum, faculty experience and publishing background, and clinical opportunities.

Family Nurse Practitioner Curriculum

Students who attend on a full time basis can expect to complete the program in about eighteen to twenty four months. There are also accelerated programs that will allow you to complete the program sooner by taking a heavier course load each semester and attending during the summer session. Programs may also be taken on a part time basis for working nurses which extends the time necessary to finish by one or two years.

Most family nurse programs will include core coursework in such subjects as research methodology and statistics, health policy planning, medical ethics, community health and public nursing, nursing informatics, as well as management principles in nursing.

Once core coursework is completed students will then take classes in their specialty area. A sample Family Nurse Program curriculum is provided below.

Core Coursework:

§                     URS501 Perspectives in Advanced Nursing Practice

§                     NURS504 Advanced Human Pathophysiology

§                     NURS506 Theoretical Foundations for Advanced Nursing Practice

§                     NURS603 Individual, Family and Community Systems

§                     NURS604 Evidence Based Nursing Practice

§                     NURS633 Advanced Holistic Health Assessment

FNP Track Coursework:

§                     NURS503 Pharmacology for Advanced Practice

§                     NURS643 Primary Care of the Child Bearing Family

§                     NURS636 Primary Care I

§                     NURS637 Primary Care III

§                     NURS690 Practicum in the Nurse Practitioner Role

Tuition and Financial Aid

Tuition costs will vary depending on type of school you attend. Those who enroll an in-state school will pay less than those who attend an out-of-state school or private university. For example, the cost to attend an in-state tuition is about $12,000 with out-of-state tuition about  $15,000. Tuition at private colleges and universities will cost approximately $60,000. Online schools, having reduced overhead costs, also tend to offer lower tuition costs than many private institutions.. Related expenses include textbooks, supplies (e.g. uniforms), lab fees, commuting expenses, as well as Internet usage (especially for those attending an online program).

There are various types of financial aid available in the form of scholarships, grants, and student loans.  The first step is to complete the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA) to determine your eligibility for each type of aid.  Working nurses may also be eligible for tuition assistance from their employer. Graduate nursing students may be eligible for additional assistance through a variety of federally-based programs. Below is a sampling of assistance offered through the Bureau of Health Professions:*

❚ Nurse Loan Repayment and Scholarship Programs support current students and new graduates. These programs include:

● Loan Repayment: This program will repay up to 85% of loans taken during nursing study. In return you will need to work in a healthcare facility or geographic location which is experiencing a critical shortage of nurses for a minimum, or serve as a faculty member for at least three years.

● Scholarship: Scholarships are available to full time nursing students. Upon graduation, recipients are required to work in a healthcare facility facing a critical shortage area for a minimum of two years.

❚ The Faculty Loan Repayment Program provides loan forgiveness for individuals from disadvantaged backgrounds who agree to work as faculty at eligible health professions schools for no less than two years.

Top Accredited Family Nurse Practitioner Training Programs for in the United States

University of California-San Francisco

University of Washington

University of Pennsylvania

University of Michigan—Ann Arbor

Columbia University

Oregon Health and Science University

Johns Hopkins University

Yale University

University of Maryland-Baltimore

Vanderbilt University

University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill

University of Alabama—Birmingham

Duke University

Frontier School of Midwifery and Family Nursing

University of Pittsburgh

University of Colorado – Denver

University of Chicago-Illinois

University of Kentucky

Georgia Southern University

Rush University

Emory University

Ohio State University

University of Virginia

CNA to LPN Programs

A Certified Nursing Assistant (CNA) works primarily within nursing care facilities where certification is required. However, Certified Nursing Assistants may also be employed by medical and surgical hospitals, home health agencies, as well as private physician offices. In most cases, CNAs have completed a 6 to 24 week course of study at community colleges or private vocational schools.

The primary responsibilities of a CNA is to assist patients with activities of daily living (ADL), such as bathing, grooming, personal hygiene, feeding, and walking. A CNA may also help monitor patient vital signs, and dispense prescribed medication.

While a Certified Nursing Assistant and LPN can both work under the supervision of registered nurses or physicians, Licensed Practical Nurses are provided with somewhat more responsibility in terms of patient care and earn higher salaries. Indeed, LPNs may supervise the work of nursing aides and CNAs. For this reason, many Certified Nursing Assistants seek to advance their career by participating in CNA to LPN programs.

Benefit of CNA to LPN Bridge Programs

Becoming an LPN carries with it important benefits in terms of both greater autonomy and job responsibilities, along with increased earnings. As with CNAs, the majority of LPNs may be found working in nursing facilities and hospitals settings. Nursing facilities in particular offer strong job prospects for Licensed Practical Nurses due the continuing aging of the population—a trend expected to increase even further as Baby Boomers near the age when chronic illness becomes more frequent necessitating the need for long-term skilled care.

According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), the median salary of an LPN is about $40,000 per year which represents an increase of about $13,000 over what a CNA salary is. The salary differential arises from the greater number of patient care responsibilities that are provided to LPNs as compared with CNAs. For example, an LPN can administer patient medication, monitor patient vital signs, and prepare and insert IV tubes. The difference in salary is also attributable to the fact that Licensed Practical Nurses have graduated from a diploma program and passed the National Council Licensure Examination for Practical Nurses (NCLEX-PN).

A final benefit of CNA to LPN bridge programs is that you may continue working as a CNA while you take courses toward the LPN diploma. In fact, you may be eligible to receive tuition assistance from your current employer to help defray tuition costs. You may attend the diploma program on a part-time evening and weekend basis or through distance learning programs. Another option, if you have the financial resources, is to take a leave of absence from work and attend the program full-time returning to your employer upon graduation.

Admission Requirements for CNA to LPN Programs

While specific admission requirements for CNA to LPN programs vary from state-to-state, general admission criteria include:

• Possession of a high school diploma or general equivalency diploma (GED)
• Be at least 18 years of age.
• Satisfactory scores on entrance tests, although not all schools require such tests.
• Satisfactory completion of prerequisite coursework as evidenced by an official transcript showing a GPA of 2.5 for all courses: Math, Human anatomy and physiology, Microbiology, Chemistry and biochemistry, Psychology, English composition.

• Letter of recommendation from instructors or supervisors.

CNA to LPN Program Curriculum

The following are the various skills and procedures that students will learn as part of most LPN diploma programs:

–         Knowledge of different types of injections and administration of prescribed medication under the supervision of a registered nurse.

–         Learning how to insert IV tubes into different areas of the patient’s body and ensuring that equipment is working properly so that fluids and medication are administered without incident.

–         Monitoring patient vital signs (e.g. heart rate and blood pressure)

–         For diabetic patients, monitoring glucose levels and ensuring that insulin is administered as prescribed, whether orally or by injection.

–         Documentation procedures for recording patient condition and treatment methods in the patient chart.

–         Health and safety issues to include procedures for sterilization of used instruments, as well as limiting exposure to blood and fluids through the use of gloves and masks. This also applies to proper storage of medications.

–         Nursing ethics and patient confidentiality as defined under the Health Information Patient Privacy Act (HIPPA).

–         Preparation for the National Council Licensure Examination for Practical Nurses (NCLEX-PN).

Choosing a CNA to LPN Program

When researching CNA to LPN programs be sure to ask the admissions office whether the program has received accreditation from the National League of Nursing Accreditation Commission (NLNAC). This agency has been recognized by the U.S. Bureau of Education as the official accreditation body for nursing education. Graduating from an accredited program will ensure that your diploma is recognized by your State Board of Nursing which will issue your LPN license. You can obtain a list of accredited programs by contacting your state board of nursing. Contact information for state boards may be found on the Web site of the National Council of State Board of Nursing (NCSBN.org).

Post Graduation from CNA to LPN Programs

After you graduate from the diploma program and pass the NCLEX-PN you will be prepared to assume a wider range of patient care responsibilities and be provided with greater autonomy than when working as a CNA. The increased responsibilities, along with national licensure, means that you will also earn a higher salary as an LPNs than as a CNA. LPNs may also choose to further their education and become fully registered nurses through LPN-RN bridge programs.

CNA to LPN Programs – Selected Reviews

Pratt Community College:

Pratt Community College, located in Pratt, Kansas, offers a wide range of nursing programs.  The PCC nursing department offers a 1 + 1 Program for CNA to LPN.  This is a two year program (formerly named the CNA to LPN program).  The 1 + 1 Program offers two options for nursing students including on-campus and hybrid options.  The hybrid option allows a portion of the education to be face-to-face while allowing some online coursework.  The 1 + 1 Program is a part of the three-step nursing program – .  Step 1 – CNA, Step 2 – LPN, and Step 3 – RN.

Pensacola State College:

Pensacola State College Department of Nursing offers a large variety of nursing programs including many bridge programs.  PSC offers ADN (Associate Degree in Nursing), PN (Practical Nursing), and other nursing and surgical technical programs.  The programs are geared towards helping those who have previous experience and education apply those skills towards a new degree.  The nursing programs are the oldest such programs offered in Florida.  Programs are designed around your specific needs and are offered on campus in Pensacola, Florida.  Classes are flexible to provide working students the ability to complete courses.

Lincoln Technical Institute:

Lincoln Technical Institute offers classroom training for those who wish to go from CNA to LPN program.  The LPN program offers both classroom and clinical studies to provide students with a well-rounded nursing education.  The LPN program prepares students for work in the medical health field.  The program takes less than two years to complete and is offered in local classrooms across the country.  Upon completion of the program, students are able to pass the licensing exam to become LPNs in their state.  Programs are flexible to allow working students to complete their studies in evenings and weekends if necessary.  Classes can be started at various times to complete the program work in the most convenient order.

Oakton Community College

Oakton Community College in DesPlaines, Illinois offers nursing programs that include the CNA to LPN bridge program.  The program allows nursing students who have already been working as CNAs the ability to bridge to the LPN program.  Students will receive credit for their practical work experience to reduce the amount of time the program will take to complete.  Upon successful completion of the program students will be prepared to take the licensing exam to become a LPN.  OCC selects 20 students for the program.

Front Range Community College

Front Range Community College Nursing department is located in Westminster, Colorado.  Nursing programs include the CNA to LPN program.  Students with nursing experience and education as a certified nursing assistant may choose to improve their careers by entering an LPN program.  The LPN program offer students a program that will allow them to take their careers to the next level. The LPN program offers a combination of classroom and laboratory courses to provide a complete experience.  The program prepares students to take the licensing exam to become a Licensed Practical Nurse. 

How to Become a Physical Therapist

Physical therapists treat patients of all ages who have difficulty with moving and performing physical activities due to illness or injury. This is a highly challenging and responsible role within the healthcare field offering attractive salaries and excellent long-term career prospects.

Before you find out how to become a Physical Therapist, let me first show you what the career entails.

Physical Therapist Scope of practice

The primary role of physical therapists is to examine each patient and develop a treatment plan that will reduce pain, restore functionality, promote mobility, and prevent further disability. They develop wellness programs to foster a healthier and more active lifestyle. According to the American Physical Therapy Association (APTA), physical therapists provide care to over 750,000 patients every day in the United States.

In today’s cost-conscious healthcare environment, physical therapy is being called on more and more often as an alternative to expensive surgical procedures.  Therapeutic exercises and functional retraining are the primary methods of physical therapy treatment. Depending on the severity of the injury or disability, physical therapists may “manipulate” (move the limb within a certain range of motion)) or massage a muscle to stimulate blood flow and restore function. Physical therapists may also use electrotherapy, ultrasound (high-frequency sound waves that emit heat).

Although physical therapists do work in hospitals, more than 80% work in other settings such as private practice, home health agencies, nursing homes, assisted living facilities, sports complexes, rehabilitation hospitals, and corporate health departments.

Conditions that physical therapists treat include:

Arthritis

Back Pain

Fractures and Sprains

Dislocations

Headaches

Osteoporosis

Stroke

Sports Injuries

Traumatic Brain Injury

Career Satisfaction

A recent survey conducted by the National Opinion Research Center showed that physical therapists report one of the highest job satisfaction ratings in the country. The survey showed that more than 75 percent of physical therapists who took part in the poll reported that they were “very satisfied’ with their career. Indeed, physical therapists were second only to members of the clergy in terms of overall job satisfaction and the only healthcare workers to make it into the top 5.

How To Become a Physical Therapist : Education &Training

As per APTA, all physical therapists must possess a graduate degree from an accredited physical therapist program before being eligible to sit for the national exam that will grant them the right to practice within their state.

Physical therapist degrees on currently offered on two levels:

• Doctor of Physical Therapy (DPT) Degree
• Master of Physical Therapy Degree (MPT)

The Commission on Accreditation of Physical Therapy Education (CAPTE), the accreditation body of The American Physical Therapy Association (APTA), accredits entry-level education programs in physical therapy. Currently, CAPTE accredits 212 physical therapy programs throughout the United States. Of the 212 accredited programs, 203 are accredited doctoral-level programs and 9 are master’s level programs. Both degree programs prepare students to sit for the national licensing exam in all 50 states.  As per APTA, “The Commission on Accreditation in Physical Therapy Education (CAPTE) will require all programs to offer the DPT degree effective December 31, 2015.”

As per APTA, curriculum requirements include biology/anatomy, cellular histology, physiology, exercise physiology, biomechanics, kinesiology, neuroscience, pharmacology, pathology, behavioral sciences, communication, ethics/values, management sciences, finance, sociology, clinical reasoning, evidence-based practice, cardiovascular and pulmonary, endocrine and metabolic, and musculoskeletal. Eighty percent (80%) of the DPT curriculum comprises classroom (didactic) and lab study and the remaining 20 percent (20%) is dedicated to clinical education. PT students spend on average 27.5 weeks in their final clinical experience.

Admission requirements

Most DPT/MPT physical therapists programs will require a bachelor’s degree for entry. Some programs offer a 3+3 option in which 3 years of pre-professional physical therapy undergraduate coursework must be satisfactorily completed before the student can be admitted into the 3 year professional portion of the program.

A few physical therapy programs recruit students direct from high school who evidence strong interest in pursuing a career in the field.  High school students who are accepted into these programs are guaranteed admittance into the professional portion of the 3+3 year program pending successful completion of prerequisite courses at the undergraduate level and any other specific requirements (such as maintaining a minimum GPA).

Selecting the best program for your needs

As you begin to research schools, keep in mind that you will only be eligible to sit for the national licensure examination if you have graduated from a physical therapists program that has been accredited by CAPTE. Once you have identified accredited programs you should consider the following factors when narrowing down your choices:

• Program structure and curriculum
• Types of clinical education and training opportunities (e.g. types of clinical settings that the school has affiliations with).
• Faculty composition and cohesiveness (have they been published; how long have they been teaching; clinical specialty area?)
• Student demographics (e.g. would you feel comfortable mixing with the student body?)
• Facilities (e.g. classroom, laboratories, library)
• Campus setting (e.g., do you prefer to study at a rural, urban, suburban campus?)
• Geographic location and distance from home/family (do you want to study away from home or do you wish to commute to campus every day?)
• Size of the university (would you be more comfortable in a smaller setting where you can stand out or would you prefer the anonymity of a larger campus?)
• Size of PT program’s entering class
• Licensure pass rates
• Job placement statistics
• Admission requirements
• Cost and financial aid opportunities (are there scholarship opportunities, does the school employ teaching assistants?)
• Extracurricular activities (you want to balance your study with social outings so try and find out if the school offers activities in which you have an interest)

Licensure as a Physical Therapist

All 50 states and the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands mandate that physical therapists obtain licensure to practice. Each state maintains its own standards for certification and licensure must be renewed on a periodic basis with the majority of states requiring continuing education as a requirement of renewal. Physical therapists must practice within the scope of practice as defined by their state.

One of the main tools that most states use to determine whether to grant licensure is the National Physical Therapy exam (NPTE) administered by the Federation of State Boards of Physical Therapy (FSBPT). As per the FSBPT, the licensing authority of your state will individually determine eligibility requirements to sit for the NPTE. You should review the material distributed by the licensing authority where you intend to apply for licensure to ensure you are eligible before applying to take the test. It is a somewhat costly process so best to first determine that you meet all requirements. Visit the Web site of the FSBPT to learn how to contact your state licensing authority.

The NPTE is a competency-based test that covers theory and practice of physical therapy, examination, diagnosis, treatment planning, and injury prevention.

Post-Graduate Clinical Study

Licensed physical therapists may wish to pursue a residency or fellowship program to advance their knowledge and skill set.

• Clinical Residency: A clinical residency offers clinical and didactic (instructional) education to significantly advance the physical therapist resident’s skill-set in providing patient care within a defined area of practice. The fellowship provides ongoing opportunities for clinical supervision and mentoring.
• Clinical Fellowship: This program also offers clinical and didactic learning experiences but is geared toward physical therapists that are able to evidence clinical expertise prior to commencing the fellowship.This expertise must be in a clinical practice area related to the practice focus of the fellowship. As per APTA a fellowship program must offer a curriculum that:

1. Is focused, with advanced clinical and didactic instruction within a subspecialty area of practice;

2. Is intensive and includes extensive mentored clinical experience; and,

3. Provides a sufficient and appropriate patient population to create an environment for advanced clinical skill building.

Specialty Certification: Physical therapists have the opportunity to specialize through the American Board of Physical Therapy (ABPTS). Specialization allows physical therapist to build on an existing base of knowledge to gain deeper insight with regard to one mode of treatment.  Specialty certification is voluntary and physical therapists are not required to be certified to practice in any one area. Physical therapists may become board-certified in one of the following specialty areas:

• Cardiovascular & Pulmonary
• Clinical Electrophysiology
• Geriatrics
• Neurology
• Orthopedics
• Pediatrics
• Sports Physical Therapy
• Women’s Health
  

Earnings of physical therapists

There are currently more than 175,000 physical therapists licensed to practice in the United States. As per the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistic, the median salary for a physical therapist is $80,000. Earnings will be dependent on your title, years of experience, degree level, geographic location, and type of setting in which you work.

CNA Training Schools

Certified Nursing Assistants (CNA)s work within hospitals, home health agencies, and nursing homes where they provide direct patient care. The majority of CNAs have completed a six to twenty-four week training program offered at various locations. The primary job duties of CNAs are to assist patients with activities of daily living (e.g. bath grooming and personal hygiene, and eating), escort patients to medical appointments, monitor patient heart rate and blood pressure and dispense medication.

Training to become a CNA

CNA training schools provide classroom instruction in the theory and practice of  basic nursing care, along with clinical practice which provides students the opportunity to work with patients in a variety of healthcare settings. Training programs are offered at hospitals and nursing homes, community colleges, as well as private vocational schools. Students may attend traditional campus-based classes or participate in distance learning programs. Online study is particularly valuable for working students who need a convenient method of completing the course. Online CNA training schools allow students to progress through the program at their own pace while balancing other work/family responsibilities. A final major benefit to online study is the savings on tuition since these programs have less overhead costs in terms of building space and support staff.

The most important factor to consider when selecting a CNA training school is that it has been approved by your State Board of Nursing. Accreditation is important because it provides attests to the quality of education students will receive. State approval is also necessary in order to apply for federally-based financial aid.

Admission to CNA Training School

For the most part CNA training schools do not require applicants to possess a high school diploma or GED to be accepted. However, students must be able to perform basic math calculations, as well as have good English language communication skills of both a verbal and written nature. Some CNA training schools will test English and math skills by having applicants take an entrance test called the Test of Adult Basic Education (TABE). In most cases, applicants will also need to be at least 18 years of age, although some CNA training program are offered in vocational High Schools to students at least 16 years of age.

CNA Training School Curriculum

From 110 to 120 hours are typically required for completion of the training program. The following is a list of coursework that will be covered in most CNA training schools:

• Assisting patients with activities of daily living (ADLs) such as bathing and personal hygiene.
• Taking patient vital signs (e.g. heart rate and blood pressure)
• Mobility techniques to safely pick up patients without injury and assisting with walking
• Safety procedures to control infection to patient and CNA (e.g. use of masks and gloves).
• Effective patient and family communication
• Proper feeding techniques for a variety of medical conditions
• Main health and emotional issues faced by those in long-term care facilities.
• Administering cardiopulmonary resuscitation and basic life support, along with first aid techniques.
• Procedures for recording patient information in charts.

CNA Training School Tuition

The cost to attend a CNA training school can range from the relatively low cost $400 (within hospitals or community colleges) to upwards of $2000 at private vocational schools. In addition, many hospitals and nursing facilities offer free tuition provided you sign an agreement to remain with the employer for a certain period of time upon graduation, usually one year. Many community-based non-profit agencies, such as the Red Cross, also offer free training. You may be eligible to obtain financial aid in the form of grants, scholarships, or loans. The first step is to complete a Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA) available in the financial aid office of the school you wish to attend or online at FAFSA.org.

Certification as a CNA

Once students complete the program, they will be required to satisfactorily pass a certification examination administered by their State Board of Nursing under the auspices of the National Council of State Boards of Nurses (ncsnb.org).  There are two parts to the CNA examination: a written part which consists of multiple choice type questions based on theory and an oral part during which you will be required to answer a series of question regarding hands-on patient care and perform basic care procedures on a dummy patient while a test administrator observes.

Becoming a CNA can be a great first step in starting a long-term healthcare career. Many fully registered nurses stated as CNAs and worked their way, having their tuition paid for by their employer along the way.

BSN to NP Programs

Accelerated BSN to NP programs are designed to be completed within three to four years depending on whether students enroll full or part-time.  The main advantage of accelerated BSN to NP (Nurse Practitioner) programs is that they are “direct-entry” programs meaning that students will not need to reapply for admission to the masters in nursing program upon completion of undergraduate study.  Students may begin taking graduate-level classes during the final term of the Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN) program. While the BSN portion of the program must be completed on a full-time basis, the Master of Science in Nursing (MSN) phase may be completed on either a full  or part-time schedule.

BSN to NP Program Prerequisites

The main prerequisite to begin graduate study is that students must graduate the BSN program with a cumulative GPA of 3.0 or higher and pass the National Council Licensure Examination for Registered Nurses (NCLEX-RN). Other requirements include at least one year of clinical nurse experience, letters of recommendation, and personal goal statements. In most cases, an RN is exempted from taking the Graduate Record Examination (GRE).

BSN to NP Program Curriculum

The curriculum of nurse practitioner master’s program provides a blend of intense academic study with substantive clinical training.

Core classes of BSN to NP programs include:

• Health Assessment and Care Planning
• Electronic patient Documentation (Nurse Informatics)
• Research Methods in Nursing
• Management Theory in Nursing
• Health Care Policy and Planning
• Pediatric and Adult Health
• Family Medicine
• Current Trends in Healthcare Technology
• Community Health /Public Nursing
• Advanced Clinical Nursing Practice
• Instructional Methodologies in Nursing
• Testing Assessment and Evaluation
• Professional Ethics for Nurses

Students in most nurse practitioner programs will specialize in a particular area of nursing practice, such as pediatric care, adult care, reproductive health, geriatrics and family medicine. Many BSN to NP programs engage students in research that will add to the published body of knowledge in the field. A masters degree will culminate in the preparation of a thesis or comprehensive examination. A thesis is a substantive study of research on a nursing topic and is prepared under the supervision of an advisory committee.  A comprehensive examination (“comp”) is a test that either covers topics covered in classes taken as part of master’s study or based on a reading list provided by a faculty committee.

RN to MSN Program Costs

Just as entrance requirements vary among different schools, so do tuition costs. It is estimated that students who attend an in-state college or university will pay approximately $12,000 in tuition costs while out-of-state students will pay about $15,000. Students enrolling in private schools can expect total tuition costs to reach about $60,000. Keep in mind that these figures represent tuition costs alone and do not include the costs of textbooks, lab fees, supplies and Internet usage which can add several hundred dollars per semester to the tuition fee.

There are many types of financial aid programs available for nursing students, to include grants, scholarships and government loans. In addition, working nurses may be eligible to obtain tuition assistance from their employer. Employer-based tuition assistance programs are usually of a reciprocal nature with nurses signing an agreement to remain with the employer for a certain period of time following graduation (usually a minimum of two years). There are also loan forgiveness programs for those nurses who work in underserved areas for a certain number of years. When calculating full costs of attendance remember to account for books, supplies (e.g. uniforms), lab fees, commuting expenses, as well as Internet usage.

Career Options

Master’s graduate degree prepared nurses are in tremendous demand in all areas of the country and have many career choices upon graduation. As per the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) the demand for master’s level nurses is expected to growth by about 30 percent through the year 2018. Part of this demand stems from the continuing aging of the population with its increased need for health services, along with the doctor shortage affecting all areas of the country. In many poorly served areas of the country, nurse practitioners take the place of doctors since NPs have now been provided with prescriptive authority in many states.

Nursing master degree  level nurses typically earn some of the highest salaries in the nursing profession. As per Salary.com, the median salary for Nurse Practitioners in all areas is $89,899 with the lowest 10 percent of NPs earning a median salary of $77,431 and the highest 10 percent earning $103,825. The observed salary differential may be attributed to such factors as geographic location (urban areas tend to pay higher than rural), area of specialty and certifications. For example, an NP working in emergency, geriatric, or neonatal care tend to earn higher salaries than Nurse Practitioners working in other specialties.

BSN to NP Programs – Selected Reviews

University of Cincinnati – College of Nursing:

The University of Cincinnati offers MSN programs through the College of Nursing.  The programs are accredited by the Commission of Collegiate Nursing Education (CCNE).  There are several programs available including the MSN-Nurse Midwifery program, the Women’s Health Nurse Practitioner program, the Psychiatric Mental Health Nurse Practitioner.  Applicants must apply to the program and be accepted and must meet minimum prerequisites.  Some programs are offered through an online program while others are offered on the campus location.

California State University:

California State University offers the NP program at several campus locations including Los Angeles, Long Beach, and Sacramento.  The NP program is designed for advanced nursing students seeking a higher level of education.  The Nursing Practitioner program allows students to focus on a desired area of specialty including family practice, pediatrics, geriatrics, and other areas of focus.  Choosing the NP program allows students to practice nursing alone or through hospitals, clinics, and health facilities.  There are various campus locations where classes are offered.  Additionally, students will also receive clinical studies.

Drexel University College of Nursing and Health Professions:

Drexel University College of Nursing and Health Professions offer a graduate degree program for Nurse Practitioners.  Located in Philadelphia, PA, Drexel University offers nurse practitioner tracks in practitioner programs in family nurse practitioner, pediatric nurse practitioner, adult care nurse practitioner, adult psychiatric mental health nurse practitioner, and women’s health care nurse practitioner.  The programs are designed for those nurses who wish to attain a high level of ability.  Graduates of the NP program go on to work in many various areas of health including hospitals, clinics, private practices, and care facilities, as well as pharmacies and walk-in clinics.

Brandman University:

Brandman University, part of the Chapman University System, offers a program of study for BSN to NP in the area of Neonatal Nurse Practitioner.  The program allows graduate students the ability to take the National Certification Center (NCC) National Certification Exam (NNP).  The core concepts covered in the program include genetics, advanced diagnosis, embryology, neonatal pathophysiology, advanced treatment, and family care.  The program is delivered using immersion sessions, internships, and practical experience.  The core classes are offered through the Irvine campus location.

University of Missouri – Kansas City

The School of Nursing at the University of Missouri – Kansas City offers advanced nursing degrees including the BSN to NP program.  There are two on-site tracks including Adult Nurse Practitioner (ANP) and Family Nurse Practitioner (FNP).  The curriculum includes both online and clinical course work that prepares nurses for the high level nurse practitioner position.  Core concepts are covered as well as advanced courses in your particular specialty.  The accredited programs prepare students for the nurse practitioner board exam in their area of specialty.

University of Massachusetts

The University of Massachusetts Medical School offers several pathways that allow students to attain their nurse practitioners degree.  The graduate entry pathway is designed for students with a BSN degree to enter the NP program on a fast track.  Other dual-focus programs are also available.  There are various NP programs to choose from.  The curriculum includes a combination of classroom and clinical lab classes along with some online learning.   UM is located in Worcester, MA.

Occupational Health Nurse

Occupational Health Nurse Job Description & Scope of Practice
This is a nursing specialist who provides health care in a work-related setting.  This highly specialized nursing position is often employed by companies to help insure safety standards are in place as well as to take care of the daily medical needs of the employees.

An Occupational Health Nurse (OHN) may perform many various duties as specified in their specific job description.  They work in the private sector but are still registered nurses.

• Assist employers in setting and carrying out health and safety standards
• Assess the health of employees
• Provide immediate care to employees who are sick or injured
• Keep medical records for employees
• Assist with workman’s compensation cases
• Appraising work environments
• Educating employees on important medical and safety issues

How to Become an Occupational Health Nurse

The first step for those entering this nursing field is to earn a Bachelor of Science degree in nursing, BSN.  It is also important for nurses specializing in occupational health to earn a Master of Science in Nursing (MSN).  In many cases it is helpful to gain some working experience as a nurse before entering the Master’s degree program.  It is necessary to work as a nurse in the areas of public health, emergency nursing, or critical care nursing, to gain the knowledge of working with patients with various medical conditions.  The position requires the nurse to be licensed.  Additionally, the nurse should have some working knowledge or training in business in order to practice nursing in the business environment.  The nurse who is aspiring to go into the occupational health area will benefit from taking some business courses and may even want to minor in business.

Occupational Health Nurse Education Requirements , Certification, and Schooling Programs

This is a specialized area of nursing that requires the student to first earn a Bachelor of Science Nursing degree (BSN).  After successfully earning the BSN degree, the nurse must pass the NCLEX-RN licensing exam.  A Master of Science in Nursing (MSN) is recommended, with a concentration in public health or in administrative nursing.  It is also helpful to become certified through the American Board for Occupational Health Nurses (ABOHN).  The ABOHN is an independent nursing specialty certification board and sets professional standards and conduct for nurses in the U.S.  There are four types of credentials that may be awarded through the ABOHN including “Certified Occupational Health Nurse” (COHN), Specialists (COHN-S), Case Management (CM), and Safety Management (SM).  In order to be board certified, nurses must meet eligibility requirements and pass a certification exam.

Occupational Health Nurse Salary and Career Outlook

Companies are becoming increasingly concerned with workplace safety.  As a result, the need for qualified nurses specializing in occupational health is on the rise.  The best candidates for the position will have a strong nursing education coupled with plenty of experience working in patient settings. The salary for this nursing position ranges from about $66,000 to $75,000 annually.  The more experienced nurses can expect a salary on the high end of the spectrum.  Additionally, those nurses working in the private sector will typically receive company benefits including such things as paid vacation and medical benefits.

Medical Assistant Programs

Medical assistant programs are offered in a variety of settings, even online, and can prepare you to begin a challenging and rewarding career within the ever-growing health career sector.

Career Overview

Medical assistants are cross-trained to perform many administrative and clinical tasks within private physician offices, as well as hospitals and other care facilities. As per the U.S. Bureau of labor Statistics, this is a career that is projected to be in great demand through the year 2018 with an anticipated growth rate of 34 percent. This growth is due to the aging of the population and rising need for medical services, along with an emphasis on preventative care so that greater numbers of people are scheduling regular doctor appointments.

Administrative duties may include:

• Greeting patients who visit the office.
• Answering telephones and scheduling appointments.
• Updating patient medical records (most often performed using software applications).
• Coordinating hospital admissions and laboratory procedures.
• Performing billing and bookkeeping.

Clinical duties (which vary according to state law) may include:

• Taking patient medical histories.
• Explaining treatment procedures to patients and their family.
• Preparing patients for examination
• Assisting physicians and nurses during physical exams.
• Performing basic laboratory tests.
• Teaching patients and their family about medication usage and proper diet.
• Preparing and dispensing medication as directed by physician.
• Calling in prescription refills to the pharmacy.
• Drawing blood (may need formal phlebotomy training depending on state requirements).
• Performing electrocardiograms.
• Changing bandages and removing sutures and bandages.

Medical Assistant Education Programs

As per the American Association of Medical Assistants (AAMA), there are no minimum educational requirements to begin a career as a medical assistant and you may apply for a job directly out of high school.  However, the AMA strongly recommends that those with an interest in this career complete an accredited medical assistant program and apply for certification. Graduating from an accredited medical assistant program can expand your job prospects, enable you to enter the field at a higher salary, and enhance opportunities for career advancement.

Medical assistant programs are accredited by the Commission on Accreditation of Allied Health Education (CAAHEP) or the Accrediting Bureau of Health Education Schools (ABHES).  Those who graduate from an accredited medical assistant program will be eligible to sit for the certification exam administered by the National Board of Medical Examiners (NBME), a division of the AAMA. Those who pass will the test will be awarded the Certified Medical Assistant (CMA) credential.

Medical assisting programs are offered at two year community colleges and private vocational schools. If you attend a community college you will graduate with an Associate in Science (A.S.) or Associate in Applied Science (A.A.S.) degree. Graduates of vocational schools will be awarded a certification or diploma upon program completion. Those who attend a community college can expect that the first year of study will be devoted to liberal arts courses. Certificate programs offer only coursework directly related to medical assisting and are, therefore, the faster route to completing a medical assistant program. Both associate and certificate medical assistant programs provide students with hands-on experience in private medical offices, hospital- based settings, and other healthcare facilities.

As per the AAMA coursework in medical assistant programs includes:

• Human anatomy, physiology, and pathology
• Medical terminology
• Keyboarding and computer applications
• Recordkeeping and accounting
• Coding and insurance processing
• Laboratory techniques
• Clinical and diagnostic procedures
• Pharmacology
• Medication administration
• First aid
• Office practices
• Patient relations
• Medical law and ethics

Visit the Web site of either the CAAHEP or ABHES to locate an accredited medical assistant program in your area.

Certification of Medical Assistants

Certification can be obtained through the American Association of Medical Assistants (AAMA).  Upon graduating from a medical assistant program and passing a national exam administered by the NBME, the AAMA will award you the Certified Medical Assistant Credential (CMA). As per the AAMA, this certification is considered the “gold standard of medical assisting professionalism” and will provide the certified medical assistant with prestige among colleagues, along with higher salaries and enhanced job security.

More and more employers are mandating that candidates be CMAs. According to the AMA, its offices now receive “100 or more requests per day to verify that current or potential medical assistant employees are CMAs.”

Eligibility for certification includes:

1. You must be a graduate of a medical assistant program that has been accredited by either the CAAHES or ABHES.

2.      Apply online to take the certification exam administered by the NBME. The exam consists of 200 multiple choice questions and covers both the administrative and clinical aspects of medical assisting. The exam handbook, available on the Web site of the AAMA, provides detailed information regarding the certification examination.

3.      The fee to take the examination is $125. For AAMA, CAAHEP, or ABHES members and $250 for non-members. You may pay by money order, bank check or credit/debit card (personal checks are not accepted).

4.      Study for the exam. The AAMA offers several options for study:

a.       Review the exam content outline available on the AAMA Web site.

b.      Take the AAMA practice exams to test your knowledge in the areas of anatomy and physiology and medical terminology.

c.       Enroll in a AAMA exam review course offered by an accredited medical assistant program in your area or by a local chapter of the AAMA.

d.      Having graduated from a medical assistant program will prove to be a benefit as you study since much of the coursework in these programs will have included topics covered in the exam.

5.      The exam is given at a Prometric test center located throughout the country. Instructions for registering for the test will be provided with you admittance letter sent by AAMA. The exam may be taken throughout the year.  However, it is advised you schedule early to ensure the date, time, and location of your choice.

6.      When you pass the examination you will receive an official CMA certificate from the AAMA, along with wallet-size identification card.  You will be able to use the designation CMA on your résumé and on all job applications across the country.  Your name will also be listed in the AAMA database so employers may verify your status. You can also feel very proud in having earned the highest credential available in the field of medical assisting!

7.      You will need to renew certification very two years. You can complete this requirement by passing an advanced examination administered by the National Board of Medical Examiners or completing AAMA-approved continuing education coursework.

Medical Assistant Programs – Selected Reviews

Brown Mackie College:

Brown Mackie College has locations in many areas of the country.  The campus locations offer a range of training opportunities including a program in medical assisting.  The medical assisting program is designed to prepare students to work in the medical field under the direction of doctors and nurses in a medical facility.  The coursework includes studies in medical procedures as well as basic administrative functions.  Upon completion of the program, students are able to find entry level positions in the medical field in a variety of settings. The program takes less than a year to complete.

Sanford Brown Institute:

With locations in many states across the country, Sanford Brown Institute offers a variety of programs including a medical assistant program.  The program is designed to provide training to help you handle both clinical duties and administrative functions.  Upon completing the program, students receive a certificate and are able to get entry level positions in the medical profession.  Medical assistants may work in a variety of settings including hospitals, clinics, doctor’s office, and other medical facilities.  Programs combine both clinical and administrative training to prepare students for a wide range of medical jobs.  The program can be completed in under a year.

Remington College:

Remington College offers a medical assisting program that prepares students for a career in the health care field.  Medical assistants may work in a clinic, hospital, doctor’s office or other medical facility.  The medical assistant program offers students a certificate of completion that allows them to find good paying jobs in the medical arena.  Remington College has various campus locations across the country.  Programs begin often and you can complete the course in as little as 8 months.  The curriculum provides both clinical and administrative training.

Everest College:

Everest College offers medical assistant programs through its many locations across the country.  The medical assistant program provides students with the skills and knowledge necessary to join a medical team with an entry level position.  The course offers students hands-on training including patient care and communication, clinical assisting, pharmacology, medical insurance and bookkeeping, laboratory procedures, therapeutic care, and cardiopulmonary procedures.  After the classroom work is completed, students will take part in a 160-hour externship at a local medical facility.  The program prepares students to provide high quality patient care.

Florida Medical Training Institute

The Florida Medical Training Institute offers a medical assistant program at both the Melbourne and Jacksonville campus locations.  The course provides 950 hours of training including 200 hours of clinical training, 500 hours of classroom, and 250 hours of lab training.  Students will receive a certificate upon successful completion of the program.  The program is completed in about 9 months.  Graduates are prepared for entry level careers working at hospitals, clinics, private practices, and other health facilities.

Heald College

Heald College offers a Medical Assistant program that can be taken on campus at one of the many locations in California, Hawaii, and Oregon.  The program offers students a combination of classroom study and clinical laboratory study to give them the skills necessary to work in a variety of settings.  The Medical Assistant program prepares students for a variety of career options including clinical medical assistant, lab assistant, and patient services representative.  Two educational options are available – an Associate in Applied Science degree in Medical Assisting and a Diploma in Medical Assisting.

Nurse Manager

Nurse Manager Job Description & Scope of Practice
A nurse manager is a nursing specialist that additionally performs in a supervisory role.  The nursing manager is a position that is responsible for overseeing the work of other nurses and health care professionals.

The nursing manager performs some of these work duties:

• Hires, motivates, and manages nurses and other staff personnel
• Coordinates nurse working schedules
• Tracks and evaluates employee performance
• Participates in the development of programs and services
• Analyzes reports used to improve services
• Assists in budgeting and planning for the department
• Takes care of day-to-day running of the assigned medical area

How to Become a Nurse Manager

A nursing manager is often chosen from among the ranks of nurse care providers employed at the location.  If the nurse has experience and demonstrates excellent management potential, the health care administration may choose to promote a nurse from within the organization.  Another way to enter the nurse management field is to train specifically for it through advanced education in hospital administration.

Managing nurses may also become certified through a professional organization such as the American Organization of Nurse Executives (AONE).  This highly respected organization also provides certification for nurse executives.  There are two certifications available including a Certificate in Executive Nursing Practice (CENP) and a Certified Nurse Manager and Leader (CNML) certification.

Nurse Manager Education Requirements, Certification, and Schooling Programs

To go into nursing management you must have a nursing degree as well as experience in nursing and management.  This means that you must first obtain a Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN).  Additionally, you must be licensed to practice nursing.

Because of the advanced management skills necessary for this medical management position it is also helpful to earn a master’s degree in nursing or in hospital administration.  By combining both nursing education with hospital administration education you will prepare yourself more thoroughly for a management position.  You will increase your ability to market yourself as a supervisor by including hospital administration education in your overall educational plan.

The Certification for Nurse Managers and Leaders (CNML) is awarded through the American Organization of Nurse Executives Credentialing Center (AONE) and the American Association of Critical-Care Nurses Certification Corporation (AACN) as a collaborative effort. Applications go directly to the AONE. Eligible candidates must posses a bachelor degree or higher degree and two years experience as a nurse manager. Other degrees are acceptable, including associates, provided the applicant meets increased experience requirements. Those wishing to take the certification exam may take a self-assessment exam and participate in study groups hosted by AONE. Certification is not required, but it is encouraged.

Nurse Manager Salary and Career Outlook

Nursing managers are necessary in all areas including hospitals, medical care centers, health care organizations, health clinics, senior care facilities, long term and hospice care centers, ambulatory care centers, and any other type of health care facility where nurses are present.  Managing nurses are also necessary in the private sector in areas such as healthcare services.

There are often different levels of nursing managers, depending on the specific medical care facility.  For example, an entry level management positoin may have fewer responsibilities than a manager with more experience in management.  An entry level position will carry a lower salary than one of a more experienced level.

In general, nursing supervisors and managers in major cities can expect a salary of about $60,000 to $85,000 per year.  The salary will be commensurate with your education and experience levels.  There will generally be an increased need for nurses to perform management activities as more nursing professionals are added to the job market over time.  The need for health care professionals is expected to grow over the next decade.

Bellin College Nursing Program Review

Bellin College is located in Green Bay, Wisconsin and was founded in 1909 as Deaconess Sanitarium Training School, and offered a Diploma in Nursing. In 1912, the school was incorporated as Wisconsin Deaconess Training School and in 1925 it was reincorporated as Bellin Memorial Hospital of Nursing. Almost 60 years later, it was reincorporated as Bellin College of Nursing and almost 15 years later, it was renamed Bellin College (BC).

The Bachelor of Science in Nursing at Bellin College was founded in 1984 and the Master of Science in Nursing at Bellin College began in 2004. In 2008, Bellin College began offering a Bachelor of Science in Radiological Sciences, and therefore changed its name to simply Bellin College.

Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN)

The Bachelor of Science in Nursing at Bellin College is composed of a combination of in-class lectures and clinical practice. The Bachelor of Science in Nursing degree requires individuals to complete 128 credits in order to graduate from the program and the nursing courses are to be completed at Bellin College, with the liberal education courses taken at the same time from the first semester of the program. Bellin College offers some liberal education courses, but some liberal education courses need to be completed at two or four-year education institutions like the University of Wisconsin-Green Bay or St. Norbert College. Bellin College students can also take liberal education courses at the College of Menominee Nation and Silver Lake College.

Individuals can complete the Bachelor of Science in Nursing program via a variety of options; Traditional, Sophomore Transfer Option and a 15 month option. The Bachelor of Science in Nursing program at Bellin College is accredited by the Commission on Collegiate Nursing Education and the Higher Learning Commission of the North Central Association of Colleges and Schools.Upon graduation from the Bachelor of Science in Nursing degree at Bellin College, individuals can go on to write the NCLEX-RN examination, in order to become licensed as a Registered Nurse and work in a variety of healthcare establishments in the United States, including; hospitals, long-term care facilities, physicians’ offices and hospices, among others.

Master of Science in Nursing (MSN)

The Master of Science in Nursing is intended for nurses who wish to expand their education in nursing and progress their nursing career to a more senior level. The graduate program in nursing at Bellin College is intended for nurses who are interested in leadership positions and the program is composed of a combination of in-class lectures and clinical practice. The graduate nursing program is accredited by the Commission on Collegiate Nursing Education and the Higher Learning Commission of the North Central Association of Colleges and Schools.

The Master of Science in Nursing at Bellin College has two streams; Family Nurse Practitioner (FNP) and Nurse Educator. The Family Nurse Practitioner Track is a 48-credit program, which is intended for individuals who wish to become licensed as independent practitioners in primary care. Individuals in this track are mandated to complete 680 hours of clinical practicum in a variety of healthcare environments. Upon completion of the Family Nurse Practitioner graduate track, individuals can apply to write the ANCC exam and/or the AANP family nurse practitioner certifying exam.

The Nurse Educator Track at Bellin College is composed of 38-credit hours and is for individuals who wish to work in the educational stream of nursing. Students are required to complete their coursework, as well as 360 hours of clinical practice. Upon graduation from the Nurse Educator Track graduate program, individuals can apply to write the Certified Nurse Educator Exam.

Contact:
Bellin College
3201 Eaton Road
Green Bay, WI 54311
Phone: (920) 433-6699

Alverno College Nursing Program Review

Alverno College (AC), established in 1887, is a Catholic liberabl arts college for women that was founded by the Sisters of St. Francis. The ollege offers undergraduate degrees, such as the Bachelor of Arts degree, Bachelor of Music and Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN) degrees. The graduate programs at Alverno College include; Master of Arts, Master of Business Administration, Master of Science in Nursing and a Master of Science in Community Psychology. There are also certificate and licensure programs available at Alverno College. The current enrollment at Alverno College is almost 2800.

There are a variety of nursing programs available to individuals hoping to study at Alverno College. The nursing school at Alverno College, is one of the largest nursing schools in Wisconsin and has one of the highest nursing licensure (NCLEX) pass rates in the state. Graduate students interested in studying nursing at Alverno College can study a Master of Science in Nursing (MSN) degree, which is intended for individuals who already hold a baccalaureate degree in nursing and are licensed Registered Nurses (RN).

The streams in the Master of Science in Nursing program include Family Nurse Practitioner (FNP) and Clinical Nurse Specialist/Nurse Educator, who are interested in putting nursing theory into practice in the workplace. Undergraduate and graduate students of nursing at Alverno College had the opportunity in the Fall of 2011 to work with the human patient simulators in the skills lab at Alverno College in order to get a better grasp on clinical practice in the workplace.

The Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN) at Alverno College requires individuals to complete in-class lectures and clinical practice in the workplace. Alverno College has affiliations with 60 clinical organizations and institutions and five of the eight semesters has a clinical component associated with it. In every semester of the junior and senior years of education, individuals will be required to complete clinical practice in specializations in nursing, including hospitals, hospices, community-based clinics and long-term care facilities, as well as a variety of other healthcare establishments. In the final semester of undergraduate studies at Alverno College, individuals will have to take part in a 16-hour-a-week clinical practice, where individuals will be working with a nursing professional.

While undergraduate education at Alverno College is only open to women, the graduate programs are open to both men and women. The Master of Science in Nursing program at Alverno College has two tracks; the Family Nurse Practitioner and the Clinical Nurse Specialist/Nurse Educator. The Family Nurse Practitioner program is for nurses who wish to work from all age groups in the population, from newborns to elderly people. The Clinical Nurse Specialist/Nurse Educator stream looks at nursing for the aging population. Individuals who graduate from the graduate programs in nursing at Alverno College work in a variety of healthcare settings, as well as working as nursing educators, as well as making clinical decisions and prescribing medication.

Both of the graduate level programs are composed of a combination of in-class and clinical practice hours. The Family Nurse Practitioner graduate degree at Alverno College is composed of 660 practicum hours, and after completing the Family Nurse Practitioner degree, individuals can apply to write the American Nurses Credentialing Center Family Nurse Practitioner certification examination. The Clinical Nurse Specialist/ Nurse Educator graduate degree at Alverno College is composed of 500 practice hours, and after completing the course, individuals can go on to apply to write the American Nurses Credentialing Center Clinical Nurse Specialist Exam in Adult Health.

Contact:
Alverno College
3400 South 43rd Street,
P.O. Box 343922,
Milwaukee, WI 53234-3922
Phone: (414) 382-6000

Blackhawk Technical College Nursing Program Review

Located in Janesville, Wisconsin Blackhawk Technical College (BTC) has several campuses across the state of Wisconsin. The Aviation Center at Blackhawk Technical College is located at the Southern Regional Airport between Beloit and Janesville and the Beloit Center is located in the renovated Eclipse Center in Beloit.

The Center for Transportation Studies in Janesville is where Blackhawk Technical College houses the Diesel and Heavy Equipment Technician program and the Automotive Technician program. The Central Campus is between Beloit and Janesville and is on 80 acres of wooded prairie and this is home to the majority of Blackhawk Technical College’s programs. The Monroe Campus offers a variety of associate degree and one year diplomas and short-term certificates and general education core courses.

Associate Degree in Nursing (ADN)

The Associate Degree in Nursing program at BTC is intended for individuals who wish to pursue preliminary education in nursing. The Associate Degree in Nursing is accredited by the National League for Nursing Accrediting Commission and is approved by the Wisconsin Board of Nursing. The Associate Degree in Nursing is composed of four semesters and depending on the number of students who wish to enter clinical practicum, it could take longer than four semesters. The Associate Degree in Nursing is composed of in-class lectures and clinical practicum and in order to proceed through the program, individuals must obtain a minimum “C” grade in all required courses. Upon graduation from the Associate Degree in Nursing program, individuals can apply to write the Wisconsin Board of Nursing in order to write the examination to become licensed as a Registered Nurse. Individuals applying to the program must submit to a drug screening and must also submit a criminal background check.

After completing all of the courses, individuals can apply to write the test to become a Licensed Practical Nurse (LPN), after the second semester of courses. Individuals who are already certified as Licensed Practical Nurses, may use previous education and clinical experience in order to gain credits toward the Associate Degree in Nursing program. These individuals are required to take the Nursing Bridge Course prior to entering into their third semester. Reentry students, as well as transfer and Licensed Practical Nursing applicants must contact the counseling office prior to applying to the Associate Degree in Nursing program.

Individuals who graduate from the Associate Degree in Nursing program at Blackhawk Technical College and who successfully complete the NCLEX-RN examination and become a Registered Nurse, go on to work in a variety of healthcare environments. The healthcare environments include; hospitals, long-term care facilities, physicians’ offices, hospices and a variety of other healthcare institutions in the United States.

BTC also offers two levels of Nursing Assistant Certification, both at the traditional level and at the advanced level. These programs consist of a combination of in-class work, lab work and clinical practice. The Advanced Level of the Nursing Assistant Certification is intended for individuals who wish to work in an Acute Care environment.

Contact:
Blackhawk Technical College
1740 U.S. 14, Janesville,
WI 53545
Phone: (608) 758-6900

Cardinal Stritch University Nursing School Review

Cardinal Stritch University (CSU) was founded in 1937 by the Sisters of St. Francis of Assisi and is a comprehensive and coeducational establishment. Students who attend Cardinal Stritch University are of all faiths and the school consists of a number of colleges, including; College of Arts and Sciences, College of Business and Management, College of Education and Leadership and the Ruth S. Coleman College of Nursing.

Ruth S. Coleman College of Nursing

The Ruth S. Coleman College of Nursing provides a variety of nursing degrees from the Associate Degree in Nursing (ADN), through to the Master of Science in Nursing (MSN). The Ruth S. Coleman College of Nursing has graduates over 1,000 students in over 10 years. Individuals who enroll at Cardinal Stritch University’s nursing school, can use previous college credit and prior learning and work experience for credits against their nursing education. The nursing school is accredited by the National League for Nursing Accrediting Commission, the Commission on Collegiate Nursing Education, and the Wisconsin State Board of Nursing.

Individuals attending the Ruth S. Coleman College of Nursing are able to obtain their Registered Nursing (RN) licensure, by completing the Associate of Science Degree in Nursing (ADN). Individuals are also able to obtain their Registered Nurse licensure by completing baccalaureate education through the Bachelor of Science in Nursing degree. The Associate of Science Degree in Nursing is for individuals who wish to enter the profession of nursing for the first time. Individuals who graduate from this program can go on to write the National Council Licensure Examination – Registered Nurse (NCLEX-RN), in order to become licensed as a Registered Nurse. The program is two and a half years in duration and takes place during the daytime.

The Bachelor of Science in Nursing Completion Program is intended to prepare individuals who hold an Associate Degree in Nursing or are already a Registered Nurse to practice nursing at a professional level, with baccalaureate education. The program can be completed in two years, at an advanced level, and is conducted in the evenings, in order to cater to individuals who are employed as Registered Nurses.

The Master of Science in Nursing program at the Ruth S. Coleman School of Nursing at Cardinal Stritch University is intended for individuals working in the nursing profession. Individuals who complete this program can go on to work as nurse educators after they have completed this two and a half year program, which is conducted under an accelerated format during the evenings, and one night per week. Individuals who complete this program are usually employed and the accelerated evening format allows individuals to continue working while completing their education.

All of the nursing programs at the Ruth S. Coleman School of Nursing at Cardinal Stritch University are completed at the Milwaukee campus. All of the programs are composed of a combination of in-class lectures, lab work and clinical practicum at a variety of healthcare establishments in the Milwaukee area, including; hospitals, long-term care facilities, physicians’ offices, hospices and a variety of other healthcare institutions.

Contact:
Cardinal Stritch University
6801 N. Yates Road,
Milwaukee, WI 53217
United States
Phone: (800) 347-8822